Mosque of Bukhara, Uzbekistan Main article: Religion in Uzbekistan

Tarixi va madaniyati
\Religion

Mosque of Bukhara, Uzbekistan

Main article: Religion in Uzbekistan
When Uzbekistan gained independence in 1991 it was widely believed[by whom?] that Muslim fundamentalism would spread across the region. The expectation was that an Islamic country long denied freedom of religious practice would undergo a very rapid increase in the expression of its dominant faith. In 1994 about more than half of Uzbeks were said to belong to Islam, though in an official survey few of that number had any real knowledge of the religion or knew how to practice it.[citation needed]

A parandja, a robe worn by women until it was banned in 1927. This example is made of velvet, silk threads and handmade embroidery. Displayed at the Museum of Applied Arts in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Education
Main article: Education in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan has a high literacy rate with about 98% of adults above the age of 15 being able to read and write. However, with only 76% of the under 15 population currently enrolled in education this figure may drop in the future. Uzbekistan has encountered severe budgeting shortfalls in its education program. The education law of 1992 began the process of theoretical reform, but the physical base has deteriorated, and curriculum revision has been slow ...

Traditions

Uzbeks celebrate the New Year in a celebration called Yangi Yil. They decorate a New Year tree, They celebrate New Year's Eve, and give each other gifts. They sing and listen to traditional Uzbek music while having dinner, and after dinner, a man dressed as Santa and Father Time arrive and continue the celebration. At midnight, they sing the Uzbek National Anthem to welcome a new year, and continue celebrating.[1] Moreover, the most popular holiday for Uzbeks is Nowruz, and it is deemed to be the most historical one. Colourful traditional costumes and variety of meals on the laid table take the main pattern of the holiday. However, the main course of the holiday is Sumalak, which should be boiled the whole night.

Joylashuvi

O'zbekistonofficially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O'zbekiston Respublikasi), is landlocked in Central Asia. It is surrounded by five countries: Kazakhstan in the north; Kyrgyzstan to the north-east; Tajikistan to the southeast; Afghanistan in the south, Turkmenistan and the autonomous republic of Karakalpakstan in the southwest. Its capital and the largest city is Tashkent. Along with Liechtenstein, it is one of two landlocked countries.

In ancient times, today's Uzbekistan was part of the Iranian-speaking region of Transoxiana and Turan. The first recorded settlers were the East Iranian nomads known as the Scythians, who established kingdoms in Khorezm (VIII-VI centuries BC), Bactria (VIII-VI centuries BC), Sogdia (VIII-VI centuries BC). BC), Fergana (III century BC, VI century AD) and Margiana (III century BC - VI century AD). The territory was incorporated into the Iranian Achaemenid Empire and after the period of Macedonian rule was ruled by the Iranian authorities. Parthian Empire and later the Sassanian Empire, before the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century. In conquest The early Muslims converted most of the people, including the local ruling classes, into Islam.

During this period, cities such as Samarkand, Khiva and Bukhara began to grow rich from the Silk Road, and witnessed the emergence of leading figures of the Islamic Golden Age, including Muhammad al-Bukhari, Al-Tirmidhi, Ismail Samani, al-Biruni and Avicenna ... The local Khorezm dynasty and Central Asia as a whole were destroyed by the Mongol invasion in the 13th century, after which the Turkic peoples dominated the region. The city of Shakhrisabz was the birthplace of the Turkic-Mongol conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who in the 14th century founded the Timurid empire and was proclaimed the supreme emir of Turan with the capital in Samarkand, which became the center of science during the reign of Ulugbek, giving birth to the Timurids of the Renaissance. The territories of the Timurid dynasty were conquered by the Uzbek Shaybanids. in the 16th century, moving the center of power to Bukhara. The region was divided into three states: the Khiva Khanate, the Kokand Khanate and the Bukhara Emirate. Emperor Babur's conquests in the east led to the founding of India's newest invasions of the Mughal Empire. All of Central Asia was gradually incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century, and Tashkent became the political center of Russian Turkestan. In 1924, a national demarcation created the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, an independent republic within the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, he declaredindependence on August 31, 1991 as the Republic of Uzbekistan.‌‌