Modern literature and education Literary modernism Postmodernism Feminist literature


LECTURE 5. "ANTICOLONIAL NOVEL" IN ENGLISH LITERATURE



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LECTURE 5. "ANTICOLONIAL NOVEL" IN ENGLISH LITERATURE
Plan:
1. General tendencies of development of the English novel in the post-war period.
2. The English realistic anti-colonial novel of the 50’s-60’s of the XX-th century.

  1. Works of Basil Davidson in the context of anti-colonial novel.

  2. Works of Desmond Stewart

  3. Peculiarities of Works by James Aldridge

After the war, which ended in may 1945, there were elections two months later. Churchill didn't win the election, the labour Government won 1945-1950. They put forward a lot of social legislation. They created the National Health Service and nationalised industry. The state paid attention to culture. They created “Arts Council” in 1946 which promoted culture.
In the fiction of the post-war years, just as in poetry, there are no easily identifiable lines of development. So it is only possible to speak about individual novelists, some of whom share particular themes and techniques in their work.
In the late 1940s end early 1950s, following the consequences of World War II, the public did not look for brave new ideas and styles, but for comfort and reassurance in literature. However, by 1955 the old values which religion and nation had traditionally provided were being questioned, and a new generation of critical young novelists, playwrights and artists emerged. The 1950s where characterized by the appearance of Neorealism, a trend which worked against Modernism.
Novelists such as Alan Sillitoe (“Saturday Night and Sunday Morning”), Kingsley Amis (“Lucky Jim”), John Wain (“Hurry On Down”) and Sid Chaplin (“The Sardine Day”) were mostly under 30, and like many of the British readers at the time, they shared an impatience with tradition, authority and the ruling class. Many novels are set in working-class areas of depressed cities in the industrial north and contain sexually explicit scenes. These novels are known as industrial novels. Dialogue is often carried out in regional dialects, giving a strong sense of the characters’ identity and social background. The protagonists of these novels are 'outsiders': they do not identify with modern society. Like the authors themselves they are dissatisfied and critical of conventional morality and behaviour. They feel resentful and powerless, and sometimes are violent.
The creation of uneducated, undisciplined heroes was a departure from literary conventions, but it meant that frankness, honesty and openness were introduced into literature (novel and drama, but also television and film) by a group of writers who became known as the "angry young men". Realist and ‘angry’ novels were by no means the only ones written during the '50s and '60s. Other novelists were interested in religious and metaphysical problems. The best example was William Golding, who created a moral fable of the human condition. In his most popular novel, Lord of the Flies (1954), he stated the "end of innocence", the darkness of man's heart, and denied all hope of positive values existing even temporarily among children. During the 1960s the resentment and frustration of the 1950s began to develop into a countercultural movement. At the same time, some of the most highly praised authors of recent times were recognized as major writers. Their themes were diverse, but freedom andequality tended to predominate. Issues of personal morality were frequently expressed in stories of the 1960s and 1970s. An important development in the postwar period is the rise of the so-called "feminist literature". A new consciousness of the peculiarity of women's outlook and social role opens up new directions for women's writing.
Women's writing, as a discrete area of literary studies and practice, is based on the notion that the experience of women, historically, has been shaped by their gender, and so women writers are a group worthy of separate study on the basis that their texts appear in conditions usually very different from those which produced most writing by men.
Women's writing is recognized by the numbers of dedicated journals, organizations, awards and conferences which focus mainly on texts produced by women.

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