Figure 4. Kinetic scheme for the six-lump model of asphaltene hydrogenation.
Since the constants of LHHW in Equations (1) and (2) ascertained by basic research are scarcely
found, general kinetic reactions are applied to describe the reaction network of petroleum based on
the Arrhenius equation. And researchers have different opinions about the order of the reactions
[27,28]. In this paper, it is presumed that the whole reaction pathway consists of first-order reactions.
In addition, due to the low gas yield of the entire reaction system, the volume of the reaction system
is assumed to be immutable.
The reaction rate R can also be expressed in the form of the power law model:
,
,
=
m i
m j
i
j
R
kC C
−
(3)
where k denotes the reaction rate constant;
i
C
and
j
C
are the molar concentrations of lump
i
and j , respectively;
,
m i and ,
m j denote the
th
m
reaction orders of lump
i
and j , respectively.
In this paper, all constants for
,
m i are set to 1.
In fact, the data obtained from the factory is based on mass flow rate. It is difficult to acquire
mole fractions of the lumps. Instead, the mass concentration is adopted to calculate the kinetic
parameters. Accordingly, the rate equation can be rewritten as:
m,i
m, j
l
l
i
j
R = -k y y
(4)
where
i
y
and
j
y
indicate the mass concentrations of lump
i
and j , respectively;
l
k
is the rate
constant of the
th
l
reaction for lump
i
and j , Thus, based on the reaction network of asphaltene
conversion, the mathematical equations of the kinetic model can be rewritten in the following forms:
1
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 1
(
)
dy
k y
k y
k y
k y
dt
= −
+
+
+
(5)
2
1 1
5 2
6 2
7 2
(
)
dy
k y
k y
k y
k y
dt
=
−
+
+
(6)
3
2 1
5 2
8 3
-
dy
k y
k y k y
dt
=
+
(7)
4
6 2
8 3
dy
k y
k y
dt
=
+
(8)
Figure 4.
Kinetic scheme for the six-lump model of asphaltene hydrogenation.
Since the constants of LHHW in Equations (1) and (2) ascertained by basic research are scarcely
found, general kinetic reactions are applied to describe the reaction network of petroleum based on the
Arrhenius equation. And researchers have di
fferent opinions about the order of the reactions [
27
,
28
]. In
this paper, it is presumed that the whole reaction pathway consists of first-order reactions. In addition,
due to the low gas yield of the entire reaction system, the volume of the reaction system is assumed to
be immutable.
The reaction rate R can also be expressed in the form of the power law model:
R
=
−kC
m,i
i
C
m,j
j
(3)
where k denotes the reaction rate constant; C
i
and C
j
are the molar concentrations of lump i and j,
respectively; m, i and m, j denote the m
th
reaction orders of lump i and j, respectively. In this paper, all
constants for m, i are set to 1.
In fact, the data obtained from the factory is based on mass flow rate. It is di
fficult to acquire mole
fractions of the lumps. Instead, the mass concentration is adopted to calculate the kinetic parameters.
Accordingly, the rate equation can be rewritten as:
R
l
=
−k
l
y
m,i
i
y
m,j
j
(4)
where y
i
and y
j
indicate the mass concentrations of lump i and j, respectively; k
l
is the rate constant of
the l
th
reaction for lump i and j, Thus, based on the reaction network of asphaltene conversion, the
mathematical equations of the kinetic model can be rewritten in the following forms:
dy
1
dt
=
−
(
k
1
y
1
+
k
2
y
1
+
k
3
y
1
+
k
4
y
1
)
(5)
dy
2
dt
=
k
1
y
1
−
(
k
5
y
2
+
k
6
y
2
+
k
7
y
2
)
(6)
dy
3
dt
=
k
2
y
1
+
k
5
y
2
− k
8
y
3
(7)
dy
4
dt
=
k
6
y
2
+
k
8
y
3
(8)
Processes 2020, 8, 32
7 of 19
dy
5
dt
=
k
3
y
1
+
k
7
y
2
(9)
dy
6
dt
=
k
4
y
1
(10)
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