Ministry of the higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan state world languages university

 
 
Summary of Chapter Three
As the majority of English words are polysemantic, frequent words have 
many synonyms. The semantic structure of polysemantic words sometimes 
coincides in more than one meaning but never completely. Even 
‘intelligent’
and 
‘clever’
are not totally identical in their meanings: 
‘clever’
is ‘quick to 
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Qilichev, E. O’zbek tilining amaliy stilistikasi. Toshkent: O’qituvchi, 1992

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understand, learn, and devise or apply ideas’ while 
‘intelligent’
means ‘having 
or showing intelligence, esp. of a high level’. 
In the synonymic group of SMART 
bright-sharp-brainy-witty-ingenious-
upscale-clever-quick-witted-shrewd
, “bright” and “quick-witted” are used with 
a positive evaluation, “clever” is neutral; “shrewd” may render disapproval, 
“brainy” and “sharp” are colloquial. In this synonymic group its members 
differ in rendering the basic notion, in shades of meaning and degree of 
intensity. 
We call such synonyms ideographic; they express the same idea but are 
not fully identical in their referential content. 
In 
a 
synonymic 
group 
cheeky-saucy-insolent
its 
members 
constitute stylistic synonyms and we see that the presence or absence of stylistic 
colouring may be also accompanied by a difference in emotional colouring and 
evaluation. 
The difference in the shade of meaning is in many cases supported by 
difference in style; thus we deal with ideographic - stylistic synonyms: 
brainy-
intelligent-sophisticated-ingenious,
etc. 
 

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