Ministry of higher education, science and innovations of the republic of uzbekistan

3.2. Translation methods and techniquies for achieving adequacy in translation

The previous chapter of our dissertaion work was devoted to study diplomatic terms, their types and lexic-semantic peculiarities. The second chapter of the work aims to study diplomatic translation, the interrelation of diplomatic terms and diplomatic translation. The translation of diplomatic terms doesn`t mean the diplomatic translation. In this chapter we shall give some information about diplomatic translation which allocate to study and analyze the role of diplomatic terms in diplomatic translation. At the same time this chapter gives much information about lexical problems of translation.

Translation is a means of interlingual communication. The translator makes possible an exchange of information between users of different languages by producing in the target language (TL or translating language) a text which has an identical communicative value with the source text. (ST).

As a kind of practical activities translation is a set of actions performed by the translator while rendering ST into another language. These actions are largely intuitive and the best results are naturally achieved by translators who are best suited for the job, who are well-trained or have a special aptitude, a talent for it. Masterpieces in translation are created by the masters of the art, true artists in their profession. At its best translation is an art, a creation of talented, high-skilled professional.

Those words which have similar form and meaning in different languages are called international words. Some of them completely coincide in their meaning ( such as football, diplomacy, artillery ) some of them partially.
They may be different in their stylistic coloring e.g. “agreement”, “cosmopolitan” are neutral in English while in Russian they have negative meaning. Some of them have entirely different meaning:
There words are called diplomatic terms:
Pathetic – 1) трогательный; 2) политический
Demarcation (фр. Разграничение) –демаркация – давлат чегараси ва худудни аниклаш.
Bipatrids ( лот. bi –икки+грек.patris(patridos) –ватан)-бир вактнинг узида икки мамлакатнинг фукароси булиш.
The English language is very rich in neologisms – the words have been created recently and perhaps will not live in the language for a long time. It is very seldom that we find equivalent for the translation of neologisms and for the most part we use descriptive translation and word – for – word translation (people of good will, top level talks). Most diplomatic terms are also neologisms. Дисмисл ( дипломатни хусусий шахс сифатида эълон килиш), инагурация ( давлат рахбарининг тантанали равишда лавозимга утириш маросими), камикадзе ( террор йулида узини курбон килувчи), дуайен (дипломатик корпус протоколи бошлиги) and others are the neologisms in Uzbek.
We usually make the meaning of the new words with the help of the context, but it is also necessary to take into consideration the way of their formation.
Due to the semantic features of language the meaning of words, their usage, ability to combine with other words, associations awakened by them, the “place ” they hold in the lexical system of a language do not concur for the most part. All the same “ideas ” expressed by words coincide in the most cases, though the means of expression differ.
As it is possible to embrace all the cases of semantic differences between two languages, we shall restrict this course to the most typical features.
The principal types of lexical correspondences between two languages are as follows:

1. 
   Complete correspondences.
   
2.