Ministry of higher and secondary specialized



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Lecture 6

The Noun

Problems to be discussed:

- nouns as a part of speech

- the grammatical categories of nouns

a) number

b) case


- the meaning of gender in Modern English

-

gender and sex.



In most cases in treating parts of speech in English we shall keep to the conception of 

scientists   that   we   refer   to   post-structural   tendency.   It's   because   they   combine   the   ideas   of 

traditional and structural grammarians.

The noun is classified into a separate word - group because:

1. they all have the same lexical - grammatical meaning :

substance / thing

2. according to their form - they've two grammatical categories:

number and case

3. they all have typical stem-building elements:

- er, - ist, - ship, - merit, -hood ...

4. typical combinability with other words:

most often left-hand combinability

5. function - the most characteristic feature of nouns is - they can be observed in all syntactic functions 

but predicate.

Some words about the distribution of nouns. Because of the fact that nouns express or 

denote substance / thing, their distribution is bound with the words which express the quality of 

substance, their number, their actions and their relation to the other words /nouns/ in English.

When the quality of nouns are described we make use of adjectives:

big, red apple

energetic crisis

a long, dusty track and others.

When the quantity and order of nouns are described the numerals are to be used:

the six continents

25

th



 anniversary

12 students....

When we denote the action of substances we make use of the verbs:

An apple-tree grows in the garden

Russia assisted India in Mounting Bokaro Steal Plant

When the relation of nouns to other words are described we make wide use of prepositions

a window of the school

to the park

at the construction of the bridge

In   all   these   cases   with   the   exception   of   verbs   the   noun   is   characterized   with   left-hand 

combinability / in overwhelming majority/. So far as to the verbs are concerned they may both 

precede and follow them.




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