Ministry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan state university of world languages english language faculty №1 Course paper Theme: Problems of childhood and education in Charles Dickens's novels

2.2. Problems of childhood and education in Charles Dickens's novels.
One of Dickens' best novels, "Oliver Twist," which was published in 1837-9, deals with social issues. In the book, an orphaned young child who was born in a workhouse is the main character. The protagonist, who was raised in abhorrent circumstances, flees the workhouse for London. The boy, who is good and honest by nature, is taken in by a gang of robbers and endures terrible suffering. Dickens utilized the exploits of the hero youngster to describe the gloomier parts of London. He educates his audience about the brutality of urban living in a capitalist society.
Dickens declared himself a realist in the preface of the third edition, and in "Oliver Twist," he actually does. Dickens thinks that good will ultimately triumph over evil, therefore it makes sense that Oliver Twist will eventually overcome all obstacles and avoid all perils. The novel comes to a joyful conclusion, which has come to characterize the majority of Dickens' works. Dickens started writing "Nicholas Nickleby," his follow-up book, while he still had "Oliver Twist" in his possession. This book portrays the horrible circumstances in which the poor children were raised and exposes the cruelty of the bourgeoisie.
In 1838–1839, "Nicholas Nickleby" first appeared. The education of children in English private schools is a further pressing issue covered in the book.
Nicholas Nickleby accepts a position as a teacher at a typical English boarding school for kids from low-income families. The starving boarders are brutal.

exploited by the head of the school and his wife, who hire the kids as domestic help. The "school" has little chance of providing real instruction, and its students are doomed to become moral and physical wrecks. Mr. Squeers, its master, is utterly ignorant. He treats the kids with animal-like cruelty, and his main concern in life is getting the most money possible out of his business.

Following the release of the book, Dickens received a deluge of letters contesting the accuracy of his assertions. But after the fact was established, England implemented school reform. Dickens made a lecture tour of the USA in 1841 to promote his writing. Dickens traveled extensively throughout the USA during his several-month stay. He portrays the circumstances in which African Americans live in America with a tremendous deal of outrage. He gave a scathing account of the American prison system, the yellow press, and several other facets of American life. His "American Notes" captured the writer's overall view of the United States. The much-lauded American democracy let him down. He said, "This is not the republic I came to see; it is not the republic I imagined. Opinion freedom—where is it? I observe a press that is meaner, sillier, and more terrible than in any nation I have ever known. One of Dickens' scathing depictions of the bourgeois society of his time is "Martin Chuzzlewit." Written between 1834 and 1844. The novel's indictment of both the British and American bourgeoisie is where its relevance resides. It is one of Dickens' masterpieces as a work of social satire. Dickens exposes the corrupting influence of the American bourgeois press on the public's thinking in "Martin Chuzzlewit." The Chuzzlewits are an example of an English bourgeois family with a wide range of personalities. One of the most amazing and at the same time disgusting characters in the book is Jones Chuzzlewit, Martin's uncle. ruthless and He is unscrupulous and will do anything to gain wealth. His desire for money drives him to commit crimes. He is a classic example of that era's bourgeois society. He had learned the words "profit" and "money" in that order. The son, who had been taught to lie by his father, eventually started to tell lies to his own father before deciding to poison him. The hero's grandfather, Old Martin Chuzzlewit, came to the opinion that wealth corrupted people. That is the image of bourgeois society: son against parent, brother against brother. Young Martin Chuzzlewit serves as the central character in the book's plot. He travels to America in search of riches. Dickens used his personal observations from his travels across the USA to explain his experiences there. Dickens made the bourgeois world visible. Dickens considered moral self-perfection as the solution when the novel's hero, a typical bourgeois at first, changes under the influence of his companion. Dickens started to publish "Dombey and Son," one of his most well-known books, in 1847. The protagonist of the book is the successful businessman Mr. Dombey.

He is naughty and self-centered, bowing exclusively to the authority of gold and viewing human nature solely from the perspective of business. He and his assistant Carker are typical examples of how capitalism is practiced nowadays. Carker destroys Dombey in the book's conclusion, but he also perishes. Now impoverished, Dombey embarks on a path of repentance. Dickens introduces positive individuals who represent his humanist ideas in contrast to the terrible characters, as is customary with him. Thus, we see the outstanding figures of Florence Dombey, who exudes tenderness and high ideals, Mrs. Dombey, who separates herself from the corporate world, and others. He published "David Copperfield" in 1850, which is mostly an autobiographical fiction. Dickens revealed many aspects of his personal life in the character of David Copperfield. The book's protagonist is a good-hearted young guy who endures challenges and injustices before finding happiness. Dickens infuses the book with hope by clinging to the notion that an honest and hard-working man might find his small measure of personal happiness in a capitalist society.

Dickens writes "Bleak House" between 1852–1853. The aristocracy and justice system in England are harshly criticized in the book. "Hard Times," a sociological critique of the English bourgeoisie and its regressive worldview, was published in 1854 by Charles Dickens. The fictional town of Cocktown is described in the book as an industrial metropolis resembling other Middle English industrial cities. It was a town made of red brick, with big chimneys and machines. It featured enormous clusters of 46 buildings, each filled with windows that rattled and shook throughout the day. It

featured a number of huge and little individuals who were remarkably similar to one another, went in and out at the same hours to complete the same tasks, and whose daily lives were the same as those of yesterday and tomorrow. The town's population is severely segregated among the bourgeoisie and the working class.

The novel "Little Dorrit" (1855–1877) tells the tale of a little child whose parents are imprisoned for debt. The novel's convoluted plot serves as a backdrop for the author to expose the reactionary nature of the English state structure. Dickens' subsequent book, "A Tale of Two Cities," published in 1859, is centered on the French Revolution (1789-94). Dickens' talent produced books and stories that have earned a place in the library of world literature. Dickens was naive in his belief in the moral superiority of the wicked classes, and he disregarded the need for the masses to fight back against their oppressors. Dickens is nevertheless regarded as a brilliant humanist and a critic of the vices of the capitalist world despite these shortcomings. The greatest English realist of the era, Charles Dickens, painted images of the bourgeois civilisation of his period with a stunning force and honesty. He expresses his outrage in his works against the upper class, the workhouses, the debtors' jails, the poor schools, and the exploitation of children. Despite his compassion for the underprivileged, there aren't many proletariat characters or stereotypical members of the working class in his works. Even when he had a job at a factory, Dickens never sided with the latter. He continues to be a sentimentally sympathetic, empathetic petty bourgeois thinker throughout. His humor and sorrow are ways of winning people around, especially the hard-core capitalists he portrayed in many forms in his works. Instead than inciting a revolt among the exploited and suffering, he seeks to educate and change these exploiters. Dickens infuses the book with hope by clinging to the notion that an honest and diligent man can find his own measure of personal happiness in a capitalist society.