Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the

Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the
Republic of Uzbekistan
The Kokand branch of the Tashkent State Technical University
named after Islam Karimov

SELF STUDY

Topic : Economic development of my country .

Group: 12_21 MTNM
Student : Nasulloyev M.
Teacher :Komilov J.
Kokand – 2022

Economic development of my country

Why is this necessary? Socio-economic statistics uses a system of indicators to reflect and study the quantitative and qualitative aspects of social life events and processes. The most important category of statistics is socio-economic statistics. This is a very common and widely used concept. Saturated with a unique content in relation to different events, their features, forms. statistics - the concept of quantity and quality. A particular statistic cannot be named without mentioning its qualitative content. For example: GDP indicators; real money income; volume of paid services; life expectancy of the population; index consumer prices for goods and services. Because socio-economic statistics studies the phenomena of social life in specific conditions of space and time, any statistical indicator is included in terms of spatial and temporal accuracy in the form of a certain number. For example, as of January 1, 1999, the population of Kazakhstan was 15.6 million.

Here population - qualitative accuracy of the indicator: Kazakhstan - spatial accuracy. As of January 1, 1999 - temporary accuracy, 15.6 million people. - quantitative accuracy.
Thus, an indicator in socio-economic statistics is a generalization of the quantitative characteristics of a qualitatively defined socio-economic phenomenon.

Statistics can be: for a particular event (object), for example, for a separate industrial enterprise; a group of objects of the same type, for example, a set of enterprises of a particular network; to the generality of events, for example, to the whole economy of the country.

Accordingly, the indicators are divided into individual, group (private) and general. The last two categories are called cumulative indicators.

Indicators pertaining to a part of a country’s territory are called regional (or territorial); indicators related to individual sectors of the economy - the sector; and indicators of the economy as a whole - the sum of the country.

Statistical indicators are expressed in the form of absolute, relative and average values.

The rating card has a hierarchical structure. At the top of this system is the most common block of macroeconomic indicators - the SNA, which consists of subsystems, each of which describes in more detail certain aspects of the economic process. The MXX and its subsystems are linked to other blocks of economic statistics, allowing in-depth analysis in a number of areas.

Level indicators of economic development
3. Economic growth, its sources and dimensions
Factors of economic growth
3. Theories of economic growth
Neoclassical direction
Government regulation of economic growth
4. Cyclical fluctuations of economic growth. Theories of business cycles
industrial economic cycle
The evolution of business cycles
4. Structural changes in economic development
The essence of economic structure
Industrial structure
Structural crises
conclusions
Terms and concepts
Questions for self-examination

The nature and dynamics of the country's economic development are in the focus of economists and politicians. Much of the country's life and prospects depends on the processes and structural changes taking place in the national economy.

1. Economic development and its level
The essence of economic development
The economic development of a society is a multifaceted process that includes economic growth, structural changes in the economy, and improved living conditions and quality of life.
Different models of economic development are known (Germany, USA, China, Southeast Asian countries, Russia, Japan and other countries). But with all their diversity and national characteristics, there are general laws and parameters that characterize this process.
Developed countries (USA, Japan, Germany, Sweden, France, etc.) are divided according to the level of economic development; developing (Brazil, India, etc.), including the least developed (mainly tropical African countries), as well as countries with economies in transition (former Soviet republics, Central and Eastern European countries, China, Vietnam, Mog 'uliston), most of which are intermediate between developed and developing countries.
In general, the economic development of a society is a process that is contradictory and difficult to measure, and it cannot be continued in a straight line, on a rising line. Development itself is characterized by inequality, including periods of growth and decline, quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy, positive and negative trends. This was evident in the 1990s. When consistent reforms to change the economic system in Russia were accompanied by a reduction in production and a sharp disparity in the income of the population. Perhaps economic development should be considered for the medium to long term, as well as for a country or the world community as a whole.
The unevenness of economic development of individual countries and regions of the world became especially evident in the second half of the twentieth century, when Asia became the fastest growing region. Thus, countries such as Japan, and then China and the newly industrialized countries of Southeast Asia, have made great strides in economic development. In developing countries during this period (from 1950 to the present), the growth rate of GDP in many respects almost doubled due to them, as a result of which the share of the latter in the world economy ranged from 63 to 52.7 decreased. %, while the share of developing countries increased from 21.7% to 31.4%.
Significant changes have taken place in the economic development of countries in transition.
The worst economic situation is developed in the tropical African states. Here, the GDP growth rate was the lowest among all countries with market economies, their share in the world economy by the end of the twentieth century. Decreased from 2.3% to 1.8%.
Indicators of the level of economic development
The diversity of historical and geographical conditions for the existence and development of different countries, the combination of material and financial resources in them does not allow to assess their level of economic development by any indicator. There is a whole system of indicators for this, among which, first of all, are:
. gross real GDP;
. GDP / GDP per capita;
. sectoral structure of the economy;
. production of basic products per capita;
. living standards and quality of life;
. cost-effectiveness indicators.
If real GDP mainly describes the economic potential of a country, then GDP / GDP per capita is a leading indicator of the level of economic development.
For example, if the parity per capita GDP purchasing power (see Chapter 38) is about $ 38,000 in Luxembourg, the poorest country, Ethiopia, has 84 times the GDP per capita and even the United States. both high, although the economic potential of the U.S. and Luxembourg is incomparable. In 1998, Russia's GDP per capita was $ 6.7 thousand. This is not a developed country, but a high-level developing country (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina). In some developing countries (for example, Saudi Arabia), the GDP per capita is much higher, but it does not correspond to the modern sectoral structure of the economy (low share). Agriculture and other sectors of the primary sector; the high share of the secondary sector is primarily in the manufacturing industry, especially machinery; the main share of the higher sector, primarily through education, health, science and culture). The sectoral structure of the Russian economy is more specific to developed countries than to developing ones.
Living standards and quality indicators are many. These are, first of all, life expectancy, incidence of various diseases, level of medical care, personal safety, education, social security, the state of the natural environment. The purchasing power of the population, working conditions, employment and unemployment rates are equally important. An attempt to summarize the most important of these indicators is the Human Development Index, which measures the average life expectancy, education coverage, living standards (purchasing power parity per capita). product) indices (indicators). In 1995, the index in Russia was 10,767, which is close to the world average. In developed countries it was close to 1, while in the least developed countries it was close to 0.2.
Economic efficiency is primarily characterized by labor productivity, production profitability, capital productivity, capital capacity and material density per unit of GDP. In Russia, these figures are in the 90s. worsened.
It should be noted that the level of economic development of the country is a historical concept. Each stage of development of the national economy and the world community makes certain changes in the structure of its key indicators.