|
Attend maths repetition online
International m1 twitter
Economic sociology online
International m2 lecture handouts videos if available online
Milan Fashion cluster
Macroeconomic competitive analysis
Economic position of Italy
Italy is one of the most competitive economies of the world ranking the 8th largest by the nominal GDP showing $1.99 trillion and by the GDP (PPP) it is ranked 13th highest with an economic worth of $2.40 trillion. Moreover, Italy is the 3rd largest amongst European Union national economies. GDP per capita index for Italy is between $34-35,000.
According to Global Competitiveness Report published by World Economic Forum Italy was in the 30th place about competitiveness out of 140 countries. And its competitiveness Index was evaluated to be 71,53 by December 2019.
Contributing factors
Economic competitiveness challenges for Italy
Macroeconomic policy recommendations for the country
Sources:
International Monetary Fund (April 2019), world economic outlook database retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/download.aspx 1 November, 2021
The economy of Italy is the third-largest national economy in the European Union, the eighth-largest by nominal GDP in the world, and the 13th-largest by GDP (PPP). Italy is a founding member of the European Union, the Eurozone, the OECD, the G7 and the G20;[21] it is the tenth-largest exporter in the world, with $632 billion exported in 2019. Its closest trade ties are with the other countries of the European Union, with whom it conducts about 59% of its total trade. The largest trading partners, in order of market share in exports, are Germany (12.5%), France (10.3%), the United States (9%), Spain (5.2%), the United Kingdom (5.2%) and Switzerland (4.6%).[22]
In the post-World War II period, Italy saw a transformation from an agricultural based economy which had been severely affected by the consequences of the World Wars, into one of the world's most advanced nations,[23] and a leading country in world trade and exports. According to the Human Development Index, the country enjoys a very high standard of living. According to The Economist, Italy has the world's 8th highest quality of life.[24] Italy owns the world's third-largest gold reserve,[25] and is the third-largest net contributor to the budget of the European Union. Furthermore, the advanced country private wealth is one of the largest in the world.[26] In terms of private wealth, Italy ranks second, after Hong Kong, in private wealth to GDP ratio.
Italy is a large manufacturer (overall the second in the EU, behind Germany)[27] and exporter[28] of a significant variety of products. Its products include machinery, vehicles, pharmaceuticals, furniture, food, clothing, and robots.[29] Italy has therefore a significant trade surplus. The country is also well known for its influential and innovative business economic sector, an industrious and competitive agricultural sector (Italy is the world's largest wine producer),[30] and manufacturers of creatively designed, high-quality products: including automobiles, ships, home appliances, and designer clothing. Italy is the largest hub for luxury goods in Europe and the third luxury hub globally.[31][32]
Despite these important achievements, the country's economy today suffers from structural and non-structural problems. Annual growth rates have often been below the EU average. Italy was hit particularly hard by the late-2000s recession. Massive government spending from the 1980s onwards has produced a severe rise in public debt. In addition, Italian living standards have a considerable North–South divide: the average GDP per capita in Northern Italy significantly exceeds the EU average, while some regions and provinces in Southern Italy are significantly below the average. In Central Italy, GDP per capita is instead average.[33][34] In recent years, Italy's GDP per capita growth slowly caught-up with the Eurozone average,[35] while its employment rate still lags behind. However, economists dispute the official figures because of the large number of informal jobs (estimated to between 10% and 20% of the labour force) that lift the inactivity or unemployment rates.[36] The shadow economy is highly represented in Southern Italy, while it becomes less intense as one moves north. In real economic conditions, Southern Italy almost matches Central Italy's level.[37]
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=GDP_per_capita,_consumption_per_capita_and_price_level_indices
Micro economic competitive analysis
Cluster competitiveness
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
