William Makepeace Thackeray was born in the family of a prominent official in
Calcutta. In 1817, the boy was sent to England where he went to school and in
1828 entered the Cambridge University. While at the university, Thackeray
displayed a talent for drawing and edited a student paper. The stagnant atmosphere
of the place irked Thackeray so that finally he left the University. In 1830, he went
traveling over Germany, Italy and France, going in for self-education and art
47
In 1846-47, Thackeray published “The Book of Snobs”. The book admirably draws
a gallery of English “snobs” from different walks of life. In Thackeray’s view, a
snob is a person who fawns upon his social superiors and looks down with
contempt upon his inferiors. In his book, the author declares war against snobbism,
vanity and selfishness. “The Book of Snobs” may be considered as a kind of
prelude to the author’s major work “Vanity Fair”.
In the forties, Thackeray’s creative method as that of a realistic writer becomes
firmly established. A brilliant example of this method and one of the greatest
masterpieces of literature under critical realism is his “Vanity Fair”, a novel
without a hero, published in 1847-48. Along with snobbery, the book treats of a
more significant theme – portrayal of the world which is under the influence of
money and hypocritical morals.
“Vanity Fair” was the peak of Thackeray’s creative realism.
Similar ideas characterize another work of this period – “Memoir of the Most
Respectable Family of the Newcomes” (1833-55). In other two novels “The
History of Henry Esmonde” (1852) and “The Virginians” (1857-58) Thackeray
turns to historic subjects which he treats with a realistic approach. The action of
“Henry Esmonde” is laid in England at the beginning of the 18
th
century during the
reign of Queen Anne. “Henry Esmonde” gives a truthful picture of England of that
time. The author vividly portrays the life of English aristocracy filled with
debauchery, gambling and dueling. The author shows how unscrupulously the
aristocrats trade not only with their honor but with their own country. Henry
Esmonde, a man of great and magnanimous heart lives an acute tragedy being a
total stranger in an alien world.
The “Virginians”, a sequel to “Henry Esmonde”, tells of the life of Henry
Esmonde’s two grandsons in England and America. The portrayal of social life
here is rather limited. The greater part of the book deals with young men’s
adventures during the American war of independence. The strongest point of the
novel is the critical and often comical description of English fashionable life.
During the last years of his life Thackeray worked on the novel “Denis Duval”,
which remained unfinished due to the author’s premature death in 1863.
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