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Seminar#7
Typology of syntactic level of English and Native Languages
►Classroom activities
Exercise#1. Write some features of a term sentence in Uzbek, Russian and
English languages and compare them with your classmates.
Uzbek
Russian
English
a)
It
has
predication
which
consists of modality and
time. It may have the
meanings of person and
number.
b)
It
is
addressed to a hearer.
c)
It has a new
information.
Exercise#3. Give examples to syntactical connections: agreement, government,
and contact in English and Russian languages.
Languages
agreement
government
contact
English
number and
person (this
room-these
rooms, that
room-those
rooms, I have a
book-he has a
book)
personal pronoun
(Believe me,
help him).
Attributive phrases,
(object and its feature,
they can be expressed by
different parts of speech:(
be happy, to seem
delighted)
Russian
gender, number,
case, and person
substantial
(осмотр здания
– gen. case),
adjectival
(интересный для
Objective phrases (action,
feature and the object, in
the relation of carrying
out the action or
feature:( слушатьмузыку,
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зрителя – gen.
case with a
prep.), adverbial
(делать весело,
ему приятно),
verbal
(осматривать
здание –
accusative case,
доверить врагу
– dative case
встречатьсясдрузьями,
похожий)
Uzbek
predicative and
possessive
connection
dative,
accusative,
locative and
ablative cases:
мактабга бор,
уйда ўтир,
доскадан ёз,
дарсингни
тайёрла
Adverbial phrases (the
way of the action/feature,
its measure of the degree,
time, place, reason: ( тез
юрмоқ, берилиб
тингламоқ).
Exercise#4. Brainstorm the definitions of word combinations in compared
languages.
Answers can be varied.
►Home activities
Exercise#1. Read the statements. Circle the true or false.
9. False
10. True
11. False
12. False
13. True
14. True
15. True
16. False
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Exercise#2. Fill the table below. Write the types and definitions of word
combinations in the missed places according to its structural feature.
Answers can be varied.
►Activities for self-improvement
Exercise#1. Work in pairs. Learn carefully the clusters below. Find general
differences of word-combinations of three compared languages and compare
them with your partner.
Answers can be varied.
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Seminar#8
Typology of syntactic level of English and Native Languages
►Classroom activities
Exercise#2. Work in a small group. Compare the given topic. Identify
similarities, differences, and distinctive features and prepare a poster
presentation to other group members.
Answers can be varied.
Exercise#3. Classify and do acomparative analysis of types of thesentence
according to communication. Complete the table below and share your
analysis with your partner.
Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
English
Grammatical
morpheme: ( do+not
I don’t go)
Lexical
units:
(Neither…nor
It is neither good nor
bad
)
general, special,
alternative and
disjunctive. (Do you
want…?, Where do
you want…?, Do you
want …or…?, You
want…, don’t you?).
(What a lovely day it
is! How wonderful!)
Russian
Grammaticalmorpheme:
(не
Янепойду)
Lexicalunits:
(Не…не
Это и не хорошо и не
плохо
1) Interrogative
sentence having no
interrogative words,
sometimes they may
contain such particles
as ведь, как, что,
неужели, разве, ли,
and etc. In such cases
they differ from
declarative sentence
(Москва как много
в этом звуке…)
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in intonation.
( Инженер поехал в
Москву? Его здесь
нет? Разве он
вамписал?
Неужелионушел?);
2) Interrogative
sentences having
interrogative words,
such as кто, что,
куда, откуда,
почему
(Ктопришел? Что
вы читаете?).
Uzbek
Grammatical
morpheme: (-ма
Мен бормайман)
Lexical units: (Эмас, на
…на
Бу на яхши ва на
ёмон)
1) absolute
interrogative
sentences which
require the answers
(сиз эртага
келасизми?); 2)
rhetoric interrogative
sentence with the
obvious hidden
answer in it ( Мен
унинг тўсатдан
келиб қолишини
қаердан билай?! Бу
ватанда нималар
йўқ?! Ўзинган
чиққан балога қайга
борасан давога?! Бу
нимаси?!).
(Аввал ўйла
кейин сўйла!).
Exercise#4. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
Answers can be varied.
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Exercise#5. Choose one of the topics below. Make a comparative analysis and
prepare 10 minutes demonstrative presentation on it.
Answers can be varied.
►Home activities
Exercise#1. Read the statements. Circle the true or false definition of
“sentence”.
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. False
Exercise#2. Read the given main criteria about the classification of sentences.
Classify and write types of sentences according to these criteria in the table.
The criterion of the
structure of sentences
The criterion of the aim
of the speaker
The criterion of the
existence of all parts of
the sentence
simple and composite
declarative, interrogative,
imperative and
exclamatory
elliptical and non-
elliptical
Exercise#3. Fill the table with examples of thenegative form of adeclarative
sentence of compared languages. Analyze similarities, differences between
them.
Means
English
Russian
Uzbek
1. Grammatical
morpheme
do+not
I don’t go
не
Я не пойду
-ма
Мен бормайман
2. Lexical units
Neither…nor
It is neither
good nor bad
Не…не
Это
и
не
хорошо и не
плохо
Эмас, на …на
Бу на яхши ва на
ёмон
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3. Negative
pronouns
and
adverbs
Nobody,
nowhere,
never, none
None of them is
here
Никто, нигде,
никогда,
ни
один
Ни один из них
не здесь
Ҳеч ким, ҳеч
қаер, ҳеч қачон,
ҳеч бири
Уларнинг
ҳеч
бири бу ерда
эмас
4. Phraseological
units
When
Ethiopian
changes
his
skin
Жди у моря
погоды
Қизил
қор
ёққанда
5. Rhetoric
questions
Whoever
can
win us?!
Да кто может
нас победить?!
Ким ҳам бизни
енга оларди?!
►Activities for self-improvement
Exercise#1. What languages have these types of thecomposite sentence? Fill
the table below. The first is given as an example.
Answers can be varied.
Exercise#2. Read the statements below and choose whether they are true or
false.
1. False
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True
Exercise#3. Write different kind of conjunctions, which are used to combine
sentences.
Answers can be varied.
Test yourself on Typology of syntactic level of English and Native
Language
1. Which of these is the best definition of syntax?
a) The study of the rules governing specifically the sounds that form words.
b) *The study of the rules governing sentence formation.
c) The study of the rules governing word formation.
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2. Which Typology studies the syntactic structure of different languages?
a) *Syntactic
b) Lexical and grammatical
c) Phonetic and phonological
d) Semantic and formal
3. Syntactic typology studies...
a) parts of speech
b) word level
c) phoneme level
d) *sentence level and phrase level
4. Which of these morphemes can the majority of English nouns have added
to them?
e) –ing
f) *–er
g) –s
h) un-
5. In which sentence do the dots replace a noun?
e) They can ... them
f) They can ...
g) *He has no ...
h) They … him
6. Identify this sentence according to its type: "The old hotel at the end of the
street is going to be knocked down at the beginning of next year."
e) complex
f) compound
g) *simple
h) compound-complex
7. What must every correct sentence have a ..?
e) transition word
f) *subject and predicate
g) conjunction and verb
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h) dependent and independent clause
8. In Russian nouns can show gender (among other features). What feature(s)
can nouns in English show?
e) Case only
f) Number only
g) Case and number
h) *Number and person
9. What is the smallest speech pattern?
e) Morpheme
f) *Phrase
g) Phomeme
h) Semime
10. What is word order in the language?
e) The agreement of words in a phrase
f) *The arrangement of words in a phrase, clause, or sentence
g) Subordination of clauses
h) Structure of a phrase
11. Define the sentence?
e) It is the smallest speech pattern
f) It is smallest meaningful unit
g) It is the basic unit of syntax
h) It is an important communicative unit
12. Subordinator…
e) joins two similarly constructed and/or syntactically equal words
f) contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause
g) is a unit of communication
h) *introduces a dependent clause, joining it to the main clause
13. What language word-combination has extended type according to the
structure?
e) Russian
f) *English
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g) Arabic
h) Uzbek
14. Independent and dependent are types of word combinations of…
e) English language
f) French language
g) Russian language
h) *Uzbek language
15. What languages are fond of long and colorful phrases?
e) *Russian and Uzbek
f) Russian and English
g) English and Uzbek
h) English and French
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Seminar#9
Typology of lexical level of English and Native Languages
►Classroom activities
Exercise#2. Fill the chart below. What branches of lexical typology do you
know?
Go round the class and compare your list with other classmates.
Exercise#8. Match the terms with their definitions.
1.Simple words - b
2.Derived words - c
3.Compound words - d
4.Compound-derived words - a
►Home activities
Exercise#1. Match the definitions.
Typology
is the study of patterns that occur
systematically across languages
Lexical typology
deals with the units of lexical levels. It
studies inter-lingual paradigms of words,
inter-lingual
invariance
of
meanings
expressed by words and phrases.
Lexical typology:
Lexical typology of words
Word-building typology
Comparative lexicology
Etc.
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Semantic typology
the systematic cross-linguistic study of how
languages express meaning by way of signs
Exercise#3. Fill the cluster. According to the nature of borrowings, they can
be classified in all languages into:
Exercise#3.True/False statements.
11. True
12. False
13. False
14. True
15. False
16. True
17. True
18. False
19. True
20. True
►Activities for self-improvement
Exercise#1.
Answers can be varied.
Exercise#2. Fill the table: Hand vs. arm, foot vs. leg, finger vs. toe in English,
Russian and Uzbek.
Answers can be varied.
Exercise#3. As you know, a loan word taken over from another proper
language can be modified in phonetic shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning
according to the standards of the language. Give examples.
Answers can be varied.
Borrowings
Loan words
Translation
loans
Semantic loans
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Seminar#10
Typology of lexical level of English and Native Languages
►Classroom activities
Exercise#1. Round table discussion. Divide into four groups and discuss these
problems in groups. In 10 minutes present your topic, after all, they make
anoverall conclusion.
Answers can be varied.
Exercise#2. Discuss the following questions in mini groups.
Answers can be varied.
Exercise#3.a. Look at the questions in the chart about ways of word formation
in English, Russian and Uzbek languages. Write your answers first in the
YOU column.
3b. Interview your partner and write his/her answers in your partner column.
3c. compare your answers with your partner's answers.
Answers can be varied.
►Home activities
Exercise#1. Look at the text about similarities and differences of word -
formation in compared languages. There are 12 mistakes in it. Find them and
replace them with the correct words from the box below.
9.origin 3. independent 1.prefixing 5.bound 7.negative
2.full
8. repetition or reversal 4. proper 6.semi-bound
10.prefixes
The main similarity of forming words is having the way of affixing in all
compared languages. And all of them have the subtypes, such as 1.borrowing
( prefixing), suffixing and prefix-suffix. For example, English prefixes are such
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