Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

I. Comparative Typology as a branch of General Linguistics


1.1. Comparative Typology: subject matter, types, tasks,
approaches



Key points for discussion:

• 
  Subject matter, types, tasks, approaches
  
• 
  Historical background of typological investifations
  
• 
  Classification of Comparative Typology according to Dr Buranov
  
• 
  Types of language comparison
  

Comparative typology is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural and functional features. Its aim is to describe and explain the common properties and the structural diversity of world languages.

According to William Croft’s book “Typology and Universals”, the term ‘typology’ is roughly synonymous with ‘taxonomy’/’classification’ and given the following definition:

From an etymological point of view, the word typology consists of two Greek morphemes: a) typos means “type” and b) logos means “science”. Typology is a branch of science, which is typical of all sciences without any exception. In this respect, their typological method is not limited to the sphere of one science. It has a universal rise. Therefore, typology may be divided into:

1. 
   Non-linguistic typology
   
2. 
   Linguistic typology
   

Non-linguistic typology is the subject matter of the sciences except linguistics. It can be political typology, medical, historical, botanic, psychological, mathematical or economic typology as well. General and solitary differences and similarities are typical of all sciences. Some branches isolate systemic comparison into an independent sub-branch under a more general science: e.g. comparative psychology first mentioned in the works of Aristotle who described psychological similarities between animals and human beings. One the most well-known representatives of Comparative Psycho­logy was Charles Darwin.