Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

Key points for discussion: The object of Morphological Typology Correlation of Morphological Typology with other branches of Сomparative Typology Morpheme and allomorph. The notion of analytical and synthetic languages Typological classification of languages

Morphological typology studies the units of the morphological level. Mainly it deals with two objects of comparison:

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  morphological or typological classification of languages;
  
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  parts of speech and their grammatical categories.
  

According to the morphological classification, the languages are classified due to the typical structural features or means of expression of synthetic relations between words.
Grammatical categories may be of 2 types:

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  primary grammatical categories, which deal with parts of speech
  
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  secondary grammatical categories, which deal with grammatical categories within every part of speech separately: number, case, gender for nouns, tense, voice, aspect, mood, person, degrees of comparison for adjectives and so on.
  

Besides, morphological typology studies morphological paradigm. It classifies languages into:

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  languages with highly developed morphology
  
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  languages with less developed morphology
  
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  languages with non-developed morphology
  

A morpheme is an association of a given meaning with a given sound pattern. But unlike a word it is not autonomous. Morphemes occur in speech only for constituent parts of words, not independently, although a word may consist of a single morpheme. Nor are they divisible into smaller meaningful units. That is why the morpheme may be defined as the minimum meaningful language unit.
The term morpheme is derived from Gr morphe ‘form’ + -eme. The Greek suffix -erne has been adopted by linguists to denote the smallest significant or distinctive unit. (Cf. phoneme, sememe.) The morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a form. A form in these cases is a recurring discrete unit of speech.
A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without changing its meaning; if not, it is a bound form, so called, because it is always bound to something else. For example, if we compare the words sportive and elegant and their parts, we see that sport, sportive, elegant may occur alone as utterances, whereas eleg-, -ive, -ant are bound forms because they never occur alone.