Ministry of higher and secondary education of the republic of uzbekistan karakalpak state university

A transformational rules is a rule which requires or allows us to perform certain changes in the kernel structure. The prodnot of a transformation is a transform. It retains the grammatical and semantic relations of the kernel sentence it is derived from.
A transformational rule tells how to derive something from something else by switching things about, putting things in or learning them out, and so on.
The transformational rules may be called also "derivation rules" because they tell us how a variety of sentence structures and nominal structures are derived or generated from the kernel sentences.
This process is analogous to the derivation of words from the kernel of the word. E.g. from the kernel word "love" a number of derivative words can be generated by means of certain rules, telling us what morphemes must be added and to what kernel they must be added
(VorN):
Love(n) love(v)
Lovely(A) loving(A) lovingly (D) нежный
Loveliness(n) loved(A)
Loveness(A) loved (a)
Beloved(A)
Lover(n)

This shows that the kernel of a word may generate about ten new word.

A kernel sentence structure also gives out a number and an even much larger number,of derived transforms.
S NP S S
The work of the machine the machine does work
The machine's work does the machine work?
The machine work what works?
The working machine the machine does not work
For the machine to work the machine did not work e.t.c.
The machine's working
The machine working
The machine works
S1+S2 S3
The machine and hums When the machine works it hums Hike when the machine works If the machine worked!
The study of the transformational rules will come to the reader in three steps which were indicated by Z. Harris. First one must study the transformations in simple sentences, then the
second one transformations of the Compound , semi-compound , complex, semi-complex,sentences and the third one must study transformations of nominaligation.
Transformations in simple sentences produce such transforms that are also simple sentences: S S
The transformations of the simple sentences can be divided into two types: 1. Obligatory transformations: 2. Optional transformations. Obligatry transformations are transformations on the morphemic level, whose application is indenpensable for building up a sentence.
Questoins:

1. 
   What are ther two fundamental problems of the T-grammar?
   
2. 
   How does the T-grammar classify all the sentences ?
   

T-grammar divides all the sentences into kernel sentences and their transforms.

3. 
   Whose lists of kernel sentence structures do you know?
   
4. 
   Why is "be" considered to be unique ?
   
5. 
   What does a trsnaformational rale teil us?
   
6. 
   What is the product of a transformation
   
7. 
   What is the treansformational rule?
   
8. 
   What are the relations between a kemel sentence and its transform?
   
9. 
   What eise can you call the transformational rule?
   
10. 
    Who are the flrst propounds of the T-grammar?
    

1

2^ Blokh.M.Y. A course in Theoretical English Grammar. M., 1983. p.60-61.