Microsoft Word Kurzweil, Ray The Singularity Is Near doc

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
242–45, part 1 (April 2002): 41–46. 
10.
See Sandia National Laboratories press release, "Pac-Man-Like Microstructure Interacts with Red 
Blood Cells," August 15,2001, http://www.sandia.gov/medialNewsRel/NR2001/gobbler.htm. For 
an industry trade article in response, see D.Wilson, "Microteeth Have a Big Bite," August 17,2001, 
http://www.e4engineering.com/item.asp?ch=e4_home&type=Features&id=42543. 
11.
See Freitas's books 
Nanomedicine
, vol. 1, 
Basic Capabilities
(Georgetown, Tex.: Landes 
Bioscience, 1999), and 
Nanomedicine
, vol. 2A, 
Biocompatibility
(Georgetown, Tex.: Landes 
Bioscience, 2003), both freely available online at http://www.nanomedicine.com. Also see the 
Foresight Institute's "Nanomedicine" page by Robert Freitas, which lists his current technical works 
(http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/index.html#MedNanoBots). 
12.
Robert A. Freitas Jr., "Exploratory Design in Medical Nanotechnology: A Mechanical Artificial 
Red Cell," 
Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
26 (1998): 411–
30, http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Respirocytes.html. . 
13.
Robert A. Freitas Jr., "Clottocytes: Artificial Mechanical Platelets," 
Foresight Update
no. 41, June 
30, 2000, pp. 9–11, http://www.imm.org/Reports/Rep018.html. 
14.
Robert A. Freitas Jr., "Microbivores: Artificial Mechanical Phagocytes," 
Foresight Update
no. 44, 
March 31, 2001, pp. 11–13, http://www.imm.org/Reports/Rep025.html or 
http://www.KurzweilAI.net/meme/frame.html?main==/articles/art0453.html. 
15.
Robert A. Freitas Jr., "The Vasculoid Personal Appliance," 
Foresight Update
no. 48, March 31, 
2002, pp. 10–12, http://www.imm.org/Reports/Rep031.html; full paper: Robert A. Freitas Jr. and 
Christopher J. Phoenix, "Vasculoid: A Personal Nanomedical Appliance to Replace Human 

---

Blood," 
Journal of Evolution and Technology
11 (April 2002), 
http://www.jetpress.org/volume11/vasculoid.html. 
16.
Carlo Montemagno and George Bachand, "Constructing Nanomechanical Devices Powered by 
Biomolecular Motors," 
Nanotechnology
10 (September 1999): 225–31; "Biofuel Cell Runs on 
Metabolic Energy to Power Medical Implants," 
Nature
online, Nov. 12, 2002, 
http://www.nature.com/news/2002/021111/full/021111-1.html, reporting on N. Mano, F. Mao, and 
A. Heller, "A Miniature Biofuel Cell Operating in a Physiological Buffer," 
Journal of the American 
Chemical Society
124 (2002): 12962–63; Carlo Montemagno et al., "Self-Assembled Microdevices 
Driven by Muscle," 
Nature Materials
4.2 (February 2005): 180–84, published electronically 
(January 16, 2005). 
17.
See the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Web site (http://www.llnl.gov) for updated 
information about this initiative, along with the Medtronic MiniMed Web site, 
http://www.minimed.com/corpinfo/index.shtml. 
18.
"Direct brain-to-brain communication ... seem[s] more like the stuff of Hollywood movies than of 
government reports—but these are among the advances forecast in a recent report by the U.S. 
National Science Foundation and Department of Commerce." G. Brumfiel, "Futurists Predict Body 
Swaps for Planet Hops," 
Nature
418 (July 25, 2002): 359. 
Deep brain stimulation, by which electric current from implanted electrodes influences brain 
function, is an FDA-approved neural implant for Parkinson's disease and is being tested for other 
neurological disorders. See AI Abbott, "Brain Implants Show Promise Against Obsessive 
Disorder," 
Nature
419 (October 17, 2002): 658, and B. Nuttin et al., "Electrical Stimulation in 
Anterior Limbs of Internal Capsules in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder," 
Lancet
354.9189 (October 30, 1999): 1526. 
19.
See the Retinal Implant Project Web site (http://www.bostonretinalimplant.org), which contains a 
range of resources including recent papers. One such paper is: R. J.Jensen et al., "Thresholds for 
Activation of Rabbit Retinal Ganglion Cells with an Ultrafine, Extracellular Microelectrode,"