37
Results
A series of t-tests were run to compare the average pre and post financial literacy
scores
among and between the participant (
N = 46) and the control group (
N = 56). The results of the
paired sample t-tests among the participant and control groups are shown in Table 2.2. The
participants
had a pre survey mean of M =7.84 (SD=1.46) and a post survey mean of
M =8.34
(SD=1.56). The control group had a pre survey mean of
M =8.23 (SD=1.53) and a post survey
mean of
M =8.03 (SD=1.54). A significant difference was only found among the participant
group average scores,
t(45) = 1.84,
p = .071.
Table 2.2 Financial Literacy in Relation to Participation in Workplace Financial Education
Program (N = 102)
Pre Survey
Post Survey
t
Participant Group
7.84
8.34
1.84*
Control Group
8.23
8.03
-1.18
* p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01
Note: Financial literacy was assessed using a 10-question
scale where correct
answers = 1, and incorrect answers or “do not know” = 0.
Higher: Over $101,582
22
39.3%
19
41.4%
Net Worth
Below 0
7
12.5%
7
15.2%
$1 to $49,999
16
28.6%
14
30.4%
$50,000 to $149,999
12
21.4%
10
21.7%
$150,000 and over
21
37.5%
15
32.6%
Household size
One
3
5.4%
3
6.5%
Two
28
50.0%
23
50.0%
Three
9
16.1%
10
21.7%
Four or more
16
28.6%
10
21.8%
38
Additionally, there were two participants who received a perfect score of 10 on the pre
survey compared to 14 control group individuals. However, on the post survey, there were 12
participants who achieved a perfect score (21.8% increase), while the control group
number fell
to 9 (-8.9%). Additionally, on the pre survey there were 71.7% of participants who scored 8 out
of 10 or higher, while 66.1% of the control group scored 8 or higher. On the post survey, the
participant group grew to 78.3% (6.6% increase), and the control group grew to 68% (1.9%
increase).
To test the hypothesis that the average change in financial literacy
would be positive and
significantly greater among the participant group versus the control group, independent
t-tests
were performed. The results of the analysis are shown in Table 2.3. The participant group was
associated with an average change in
financial literacy score of M = 0.50 (
SD = 1.83). By
comparison, the control group was associated with a numerically smaller average change in
financial literacy score of
M = -.196 (
SD = 1.24). The distributions for the participant and control
groups were sufficiently normal for
the purposes of conducting a t-test (i.e., skew < |2.0| and
kurtosis < |9.0|; Schmider, Ziegler, Dannay, Beyer, & Buhner, 2010). The result of the Levene’s
F test for homogeneity indicated the variances were assumed to be not equal (
F(76) = 4.45,
p =
.037), so the t-tests were performed assuming unequal variances. The results indicated a
statistically significant effect,
t(76) = 2.19,
p = .031, only for the change in financial literacy
scores between the groups. The results of these tests support Hypothesis 1, indicating that
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