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REVISION TEST
Task 1. Read the text and decide which word A, B or C best fits each gap.
Criminal procedure is composed of the rules
governing the series of pro-
ceedings through which the substantive criminal law (1)___________. In the
USA, most crimes are defined by local and state government, though the fed-
eral government (2)___________ its own criminal code, at Title 18, to deal
with activities (3)_______ beyond state boundaries or having special impact
on federal operations.
The procedure for criminal trials in federal courts is (4)_________
Title
18. States also have statutes that set out the framework for criminal procedure,
subject to important constitutional limits. For example, the U.S. Constitution
Bill of Rights provides basic protections (5)_________ the right to an attor-
ney, the right to not testify, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a
jury trial, among others. State constitutions (6)_________
increase, but not
take away from the federal protections.
The American criminal system is an adversarial and accusatorial model.
Criminal procedure must balance the defendant’s rights and the state’s inter-
ests in a speedy and efficient trial with the (7)__________ justice.
(8)___________, the rules of criminal procedure are designed to ensure that a
defendant’s rights are protected.
The rules of criminal procedure are different from those of civil procedure,
because the two areas have different objectives and results. In criminal cases,
the state (9)_______ the suit and must show guilt beyond reasonable doubt,
while in civil cases the plaintiff brings the suit and must (10)___________
show the defendant is liable by a preponderance of the evidence.
1. a. enforces
b.
must enforce
c. is enforced
2. a. has adopted
b. had adopted
c. is adopting
3. a.
to extend
b. extending
c. being extended
4. a. outlined through
b. outlined in
c.
outlined with
5. a. including
b. having included
c. is including
6. a. must
b. might
c. may
7. a.
desire to
b. desire of
c. desire for
8. a. Therefore
b. Nevertheless
c. However
9. a.
must bring
b. brings
c. is to bring
10. a. obligatory
b. unavoidably
c. only
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Task 2.
Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence.
1. A prosecutor is a legal representative who officially accuses someone …
a crime, especially in a court of law.
a. having committed b. to have committed
c. of committing
2. Breaking into a dwelling-house at night with intent to commit a felony is …
a. theft
b. robbery
c. burglary
3. Leaving a deadly poison lying about is an … act.
a. legal
b. law abiding
c. unlawful
4. … someone suspected
of committing a crime, the police must decide if
they have enough evidence to make a formal accusation, or charge.
a. Arrested
b. Having arrested
c. Having been arrested
5. Killing a person with malice aforethought is … .
a. manslaughter
b. murder
c. assassination.
6. One of the main categories of English civil law is a contract – agree-
ments –… between people or companies.
a. connecting
b. fastening
c. binding
7. In the United States people are accustomed … contracts connected with
daily life.
a. to signing
b. to sign
c. of signing
8. If no precedent could be found, then the judge made a decision based …
existing legal principles.
a. on
b. upon
c. on with
9. …as a court of appeal it is only the law lords
and certain other govern-
ment- appointed officials who hear cases.
a. Being sitting
b. When sitting
c. Sitting
10. … in fear is the essence of assault.
a. To put
b. While putting
c. Putting
11. … the jury to draw inferences of fact is the duty of the judge.
a. To command
b. Having commanded
c. Commanding
12. And there are some offences where the defendant is given the choice …
his case heard in the Magistrates Court or the Crown Court.
a. to have
b. to be having
c. of having
13. Attempting … murder is a felony punishable with penal servitude for life.
a. of committing
b. to commit
c. to committing