Microsoft Word Al Jalalain Eng with introduction docx

 
 
 

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xii
Glossary of Grammatical Terms
There is no hard and fast way to translate the technical terms used in Arabic grammar. Of course, 
there are some which may be rendered by obvious English equivalents; but for the most part it is difficult to 
reflect, in translation, the malleability of the grammatical terminology when used in Arabic. Indeed, one 
might ask whether it serves any purpose translating the grammatical discussions at all. But as these 
discussions may be of value to those interested in grammar, and particularly, in the grammar employed in 
the text of the Qur’
ā
n, it has been decided to assist the non-Arabic reader by translating as much of these 
discussions as is possible. The list below summarises the way, not ideal by any means, in which the 
ubiquitous grammatical terminology, has been translated. The reader should note that the translations given 
below relate to how they seem to be used by the authors of al-Jal
ā
layn; certain terms may be translated 
differently in the context of other authors or works. 
'
ā
'id, referential pronoun. 
'alamiyya, proper noun. 
amr, imperative or command. 
'
ā
mil (f
ī
), operator of. 
a
ṣ
l, original form (of conjugated verb). 
'a
ṭ
f, supplement (to); 'a
ṭ
f bay
ā
n, explicative supplement. 
badal, substitution, substitutes for (yubaddal minhu etc.); badal ishtim
ā
l, an inclusive substitution; badal 
bay
ā
n, explication; li’l-bay
ā
n, explicative. 
bin
ā
' li’l-f
ā
'il, active (voice of the) verb. 
bin
ā
' li’l-maf'
ū
l, passive (voice of the) verb. 
ḍ
am
ī
r, pronoun, person of the verb; 
ḍ
. al-sha'n, pronoun of the matter; 
ḍ
. munfa
ṣ
il, free pronoun; 
ḍ
. 
mutta
ṣ
il, suffixed pronoun; 
ḍ
li’l-fa
ṣ
l, separating pronoun. 
du'
ā
', invocation (vocative). 
f
ā
'il, subject of the verb. 
f
āṣ
ila, faw
āṣ
il, end-rhyme of Qur'
ā
nic verses (in a particular sequence). 
bi’l-fawq
ā
niyya, to read a verbal form in the 2
nd
person (with an initial 
t
ā
'). 
gh
ā
ya, gh
ā
'iyya, to denote a purpose or an end. 
ḥ
adhf, omission (ma
ḥ
dh
ū
f, omitted). 
ḥā
l, a circumstantial qualifier. 
hamzat al-wa
ṣ
l, conjunctive hamza. 
hamzat al-istifh
ā
m, interrogative hamza. 
ḥ
aq
ī
q
ī
, literal. 
ibtid
ā
', equational (sentence); li’l-ibtid
ā
', for inceptiveness. 
i
ḍā
fa, (genitive) annexation; mu
ḍā
f, the element annexed (kit
ā
bu, in kit
ā
bu’Ll
ā
hi, ‘the Book of God’); mu
ḍā
f 
ilayhi, the object of the annexation (All
ā
h, in kit
ā
bu’Ll
ā
hi). 
idgh
ā
m, assimilation of a letter that appears in the original (conjugated) form of verb. 
i
ḍ
r
ā
b, (used mostly with words like bal, ‘nay’) to turn away from, in refutation (of a previous statement etc.). 
iltif
ā
t, shift in (grammatical) person ('an al-ghayba, from the third to the second person; 'an al-khi
ṭā
b, from 
the second to the third person). 
ink
ā
r, for denial, rejection, rebuttal. 
intiq
ā
l, to effect a transition (to a new topic or clause; cf. i
ḍ
r
ā
b), in effect, metastasis. 

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xiii
i'r
ā
b, syntax. 
ishb
ā
', lengthening the vowel, or writing it out in full. 
ish
ā
ra, demonstrative noun. 
ism f
ā
'il, active participle. 
ism fi'l, noun of action. 
ism inna, the subject of inna. 
ism maf'
ū
l, passive noun. 
istifh
ā
m, interrogative; istifh
ā
m ink
ā
r
ī
, or 
li’l-istink
ā
r, [rhetorical] interrogative meant as disavowal; istifh
ā
m 
li’l-tawb
ī
kh, [rhetorical] interrogative meant as a rebuke. 
isti'n
ā
f, musta'nafa, new (independent) sentence. 
istithn
ā
', exception: munqa
ṭ
i', discontinuous (exception), mutta
ṣ
il, continuous (exception). 
li’l-ittis
ā
', (in i
ḍā
fa constructions), to allow for a range [of alternatives] or scope. 
j
ā
r, preposition or particle rendering following noun in genitive case; majr
ū
r, noun in genitive case because 
of preceding 
j
ā
r. 
jaw
ā
b, response (to conditional, oath etc.). 
jazm, apocopation; majz
ū
m, apocopated; j
ā
zim, apocopating (particle). 
jins (ism al-jins), generic (collective) noun. 
(
'al
ā
)
al-jiw
ā
r, (on account of) adjacency. 
khabar, predicate. 
khabariyya (of particles), relating to, or functioning as, the predicate. 
khaf
ḍ
, placing noun in the genitive case (by preceding particle or preposition, 
al-kh
ā
fi
ḍ
). 
laf
ẓ
, (morphological) form. 
mabn
ī
, invariable (indeclinable). 
maf'
ū
l lahu, (direct) object denoting reason (for the verbal action). 
maf'
ū
l ma'ahu, object of ‘accompaniment’. 
ma
ḥ
all, status, locus, functions as. 
maj
ā
z, figurative or metaphorical (also kin
ā
ya). 
ma'n
ā
, import or sense. 
ma'rifa, definite noun. 
ma
ṣ
dar, a verbal noun. 
ma
ṣ
dariyya (of particles), relating to the verbal action. 
ma'm
ū
l, ma'm
ū
la (li-), operated by. 
man
ṣū
b, or nu
ṣ
iba, 'al
ā
al-mad
ḥ
, is in the accusative because it is a laudative. 
mubtada', subject (of a nominal sentence). 
muhmala, undotted ('ayn). 
mu'jama, a dotted letter. 
muta'alliq, (semantically) connected to (also, ta'allaq bi-). 
muthallatha, three-dot letter (th
ā
'). 
muwa
ḥḥ
ada, single dot letter (n
ū
n or b
ā
'). 
naf
ī
, negation. 
nakira, indefinite noun. 

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xiv
na't, description. 
naz', omission (usually of j
ā
r preposition or particle). 
nid
ā
', vocative. 
n
ū
n al-raf', the n
ū
n of independence (marker of the indicative mood). 
rad', prevention, rebuttal, thwarting. 
sababiyya, causative (expressing cause). 
ṣ
arf, declinable; muni'a li’l-
ṣ
arf, indeclinable. 
shar
ṭ
, conditional clause; 
ṣ
har
ṭ
iyya, conditional (particle). 
ṣ
ifa, adjectival qualification (wa
ṣ
f).
ṣī
gha, form. 
ṣ
ila, relative clause; maw
ṣū
l (-a), relative noun or pronoun. 
li’l-tab'
īḍ
, partitive. 
tabk
ī
t, rebuke, reproof. 
tafs
ī
r, explanation; yufassiruhu, explained by (sc. governed by). 
taghl
ī
b, predominance (of one element over others, all subsumed by the same expression or noun). 
bi’l-ta
ḥ
t
ā
niyya, to read a verb form in the 3
rd
person (with an initial 
y
ā
'). 
ta
ḥ
q
ī
q, full pronounciation (of a hamza). 
ta'j
ī
b, to provoke amazement; ta'ajjub (istifh
ā
m), meant to indicate amazement. 
takhf
ī
f, softened form, without shadda (opposite of tashd
ī
d). 
ta'k
ī
d, emphasis. 
ta'l
ī
l, to justify or provide reason for. 
ta'allaqa bi, (semantically) connected to (usually to a preceding verb). 
tamann
ī
, optative (‘wish’) particle or clause. 
tanb
ī
h, (of vocative particles, y
ā
) for exclamation or calling attention to. 
tank
ī
r, to make noun indefinite. 
taqd
ī
r, understand a word or clause as implied or implicit (muqaddar, quddir, yuqaddar). 
taqr
ī
r, affirmation; istifh
ā
m li'l-taqr
ī
r, interrogative meant as affirmative. 
ta
ṣ
gh
ī
r, diminutive (mu
ṣ
aghghar). 
tashd
ī
d, doubling (usually of second consonant of root). 
tash
ī
l, non pronounciation (of hamza). 
tathl
ī
th, to read the second consonant of the verbal root with all three inflections (
ḍ
amma, fat
ḥ
a and kasra). 
tawb
ī
kh, rebuke. 
thaq
ī
la, (usually of particles) doubled, with shadda. 
wa
ḍ
' (or iq
ā
mat) al-
ẓā
hir maw
ḍ
i' (or maq
ā
m) al-mu
ḍ
mar, to replace a pronominalisation with an overt noun 
(and 
vice versa).