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DURABILITY OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF TASHKENT ON THE EXAMPLE
OF “KUKALDASH” MADRASAH
Khasanova N.T., senior staff scientist (TACI)
Мақолада Тошкент шаҳридаги «Кўкалдош» мадраси биносини заминининг муҳандис–геологик, грунт-
ларни сирт қисми зондлаш усули билан георадар тадқиқотлар натижалари келтирилган. Бинода фойдаланиш
даврдаги дефект ва шикастланишларнинг келиб чиқиш сабаблари келтирилган.
В статье приводятся результаты инженерно-геологических и георадарных исследований подповерхност-
ным зондированием грунтов оснований здания медресе «Кукалдош» в г.Ташкенте. Приводятся причины
произошедших дефектов и повреждений в период эксплуатации сооружения.
President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov at the
first session of Oliy Majlis, taking into considera-
tion of vast cultural heritage we awarded said:
"Conservation and restoration of unique historical
monuments created by Uzbek people and which
signify national property represent crucial part of
our spiritual program. This national wealth inher-
ited from our ancestors. So we also have to pre-
serve it as treasure and passed it to future genera-
tions".
Uzbekistan has become a full member of
UNESCO international organization. Listed below
monuments such as memorial located in the nature
reserve "Ichan-Kala" in Khiva, historic center of
Bukhara, monuments of architecture of Temur and
Temurids in the city of Shakhrisabz, the monu-
ments in the city of Samarkand were included into
the World Heritage list from 1991 to 2001.
The architectural monuments located in the ter-
ritory of our country, reflect the development of
science, art and culture of the epoch of their con-
struction. The study of historical monuments, their
careful preservation and restoration - it is our duty
before our descendants. Over recent years ob-
served an extensive destruction of these facilities,
caused by long service life, atmospheric, seismic,
manufactured effects, and others. [3].
The ancient cities of Uzbekistan, in particular,
Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Ferghana,
Kokand, Urgench, Shakhrisabz and other, concen-
trate top achievements of architecture of past ep-
ochs. Scientists investigate no city in Central Asia
as the capital of Uzbekistan. If ten years ago in the
territory of the city there were 39 archaeological
sites, now the number came up to more than 240.
Prediction of the state of architectural memori-
als due to the deterioration of their condition, for
various reasons (earthquake, technological impact,
raising the groundwater level, violation of operat-
ing conditions, etc..) is one of the urgent tasks to
ensure sustainability and seismic resistance, in
order to preserve them for years to come. To solve
this problem it is necessary to examine the state of
architectural monuments.
Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an engi-
neering survey to evaluate technical condition, to
organize a system of constant monitoring observa-
tions of behavior of foundation structures and
foundation design of the architectural complex.
The edifice of madrasah Kukaldosh is one of
the most beautiful and majestic creations of the
architects of our people in XVI century. It is, lo-
cated in the central part of Tashkent city on the
square where Navoi, Samarkand Darvaza, Chakar
and Birun streets intersect (photo 1).
The ensemble of the madrasah mostly two-
storied building, with the traditional portal in the
form of a right quadrangle, with dimensions 65 to
45m and two minarets at the edges of the facade.
By 1999, the building of the madrassah suffered
deformations, cracks up to 12 centimeters ap-
peared in the different parts of the building.
After the restoration of the facade and the por-
tal in 1951 were completed left and right wings of
the building in 1998. From the western wing has
been removed extension store of the company
"Uzbekistan", from the eastern wing was removed
debris and cultural layers. Which filled the gap
between the building and the mosque-madrasah
Hodge Jomi Ahror Wali. The high of landfills
amounted to 5 m. After clearing debris and cul-
tural layers were exposed foundation soils on the
eastern wing of the madrasahs in some places up
to 0.3 m.
The western and northern wing of the ma-
drasah were not completed within the framework
of the project it was implement through "Hashar"-
collective efforts of the community. The interior
walls are without foundation, placed on the floor,
on the bulk soil. As a result, the inner walls after
soaking their bases immediately deformed and
cracks appeared.
Мe
morchilik va qurilish muammolari
2016 йил, №2 сон
71
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