Microsoft Word 2007 ichrie conference Proceedings Final-Final 06-06-07. doc

RESULTS 
Characteristics of Businesses and Participants 
A total of 58 managers participated in workshops and provided useable data. A selected summary of 
characteristics about the business and study participant is provided in Table 1.
Table 1. 
Selected characteristics of businesses and participants (N=58) 
Characteristic 
n 
Location of businesses 
Arusha 
30 
Dar 
es 
Salaam 
18 
Mwanza 
10 
Ownership 
Sole 
proprietorship 42 
Partnerships 
12 
Publicly-held 
2 
Franchise/management contracts 2 
Gender of workshop participants 
Male 
48 
Female
10 
Demographic characteristics 
Kruskal-Wallis mean rank test of demographic characteristics suggest that there was a significant 
difference in education of owners and managers amongst the three cities (Table 2). Education levels were lower in 

---