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CHAPTER 4 – HALIDE EDIP AND YAKUP KADRI 
112 
Ordeal
does not only deal with the events of the war but also records her impressions 
of poverty stricken and backward Anatolia. In 1922 after the final victory of 
nationalists Dr Adnan (who was already the Deputy Speaker of Grand National 
Assembly) became the nationalist envoy in Istanbul. 
After the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey along with her husband Adnan 
(Adıvar), Rauf (Orbay), Kâzım (Karabekir) and Ali Fuat (Cebesoy) she became a 
founder of an opposition party, 
Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası
(The Progressive 
Democratic Party) which stood for liberalism and democratisation. When this party 
was outlawed in June 1925 she left the country with her husband and returned to 
Turkey only in 1939 after Mustafa Kemal’s death. Significantly in Mustafa Kemal’s 
Nutuk, 
she was vilified as a 
mandacı
(supporter of mandate)
 
which was treated as 
synonymous with being a traitor. During the period of self-imposed exile Dr Adnan 
taught Turkish at the École des Langues Orientales Vivantes in Paris while she 
travelled to England, America and India where she was active lecturing and 
publishing.
As Hülya Adak relates, in 1928 Halide Edip participated in the Williamstown 
Political Institute round-table conference as the first female lecturer in Politics and 
was hailed as the extraordinary woman of the New Turkey
34
. Her conference lectures 
which presented an analysis of the Ottoman empire and the young Republic were 
published in 1930 as 
Turkey
Faces West.
In 1931 she was a visiting professor in the 
34
Adıvar 2005, xv 

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CHAPTER 4 – HALIDE EDIP AND YAKUP KADRI 
113 
History Department of Barnard College in New York. In 1935 she travelled to India 
where she helped to establish the Muslim University, Jamia Millia. She stayed and 
lectured in India for two months. Her lectures were published in 1937 under the title 
Conflict of East and
West in Turkey
. In the same year she published in London 
Inside India
which were serialised in the 
Tan 
(Dawn)
 
newspaper as 
Hindistan’a Dair
(On India) in 1938
35
.
After her return to Istanbul she taught as a Professor at the University of Istanbul 
English Language and Literature Department from 1940. Between 1950 and 1954 
she was an independent MP for Izmir. Withdrawing from politics she resumed her 
professorial duties at the University of Istanbul. She died on 9 January 1964
36
. 
She wrote a three volume history of English literature and translated Shakespeare’s 
Hamlet, As You Like It, Coriolanus 
and 
Anthony and Cleopatra 
into Turkish
.
As Hülya Adak points out, Halide Edip’s absurd play 
Maskeli Ruhlar
published in 
1938 and translated and published in English as 
Masks or Souls?
in 1953 as well as 
her translation into Turkish of George Orwell’s 
Animal Farm 
in 1952 point to her 
opposition to totalitarian regimes. “Perhaps the first absurd drama in the history of 
Turkish theatre 
Maskeli Ruhlar/Masks or Souls? 
brings forth Edib’s pessimism 
about the second decade of the Kemalist revolution: Mustafa Kemal is depicted as a 
dictator, the modern version of the great Tatar conqueror Tamarlane (1335-1405)”. 
35
Adıvar 2005, xvii-xviii 
36
Adıvar 2005, xvi 

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