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CHAPTER 3 – SOME TOPOI IN THE KURTULUŞ EDEBİYATI 
101 
Interestingly, the woman teacher, trained in Greece chiefly at the Arsakeion Female 
Teacher’s Academy in Athens
24
, who was sent to distant Anatolian communities, 
often Turkish speaking, was a real phenomenon in the 19
th
and very early 20
th
century. This real analogy to Feride and Aliye does not seem to have influenced any 
Greek fiction.
24
Arsakeion was the first school for girls in Greece founded in 1836 by Apostolos Arsakis, one of the great 
benefactors in Greece. An Academy for teachers was founded soon after. Many of the young teachers came to 
study in Athens from Asia Minor and returned with the mission to strengthen the Hellenic element in the rural 
areas of Asia Minor. The Arsakis bequest continues to support the school and the Academy which are still 
operating.

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CHAPTER 4 – HALIDE EDIP AND YAKUP KADRI 
102 
This chapter will introduce the work of two of the major figures of the literature of 
the War of Independence, Halide Edip Adıvar and Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu. 
They lived very long and politically active as well as literary lives, were intimately 
involved in the national struggle and for a period in 1921, as will be shown, they 
exercised a significant mutual influence on each other. 
Halide Edip Adıvar 
Halide Edip’s life spanned the Turkey of the Hamidian period and the restoration of 
civilian government after the 1960 coup and she was very close to the centre of 
events in the crucial years between 1919 and 1924. Both 
Ateşten Gömlek
and 
Vurun 
Kahpeye
make use of her experiences and impressions of the war years.
A direct source for Halide’s life is her own autobiography. There are two volumes. 
One takes her from her early days to 1918 and the other covers the period of the War 
of Independence. The volume relevant to her early life was written in English and 
published in New York and London as 
Memoirs of Halidé Edip
in 1926. The Turkish 
version of the 
Memoirs 
appeared in a serialised form in 1955. It was published as a 
book with certain modifications and not as a direct translation of the English 
original, under the title 
Mor Salkımlı Ev 
in 1963
1
. In 2003 the English original was 
1
Adıvar 2005, xiii 

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