Microsoft Word 02Preface doc

Table 2.6  Functions of Each Research Institute in Communicable Diseases Control 
 
NIID (Japan) 
CDC (USA) 
CDSC (UK) 
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Research
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Research 
 
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Capacity Development
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Training 
 
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Health Services
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Surveillance 
 
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Reference 
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National control and other tests 
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Prepared by the investigation team 
 
In the evaluation study, the functions of research institutes in Ghana, Kenya, and 
Zambia will be examined based on these general functions, derived from this analysis 
of research institutes for infectious diseases in Japan, the USA, and the UK.   
 

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Section 2 
 
Evaluation Analysis 
 
 

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20
Section 2 Evaluation Analysis 
3 Trends in Japanese Cooperation with Research Institutes for 
Communicable Diseases 
 
In Africa, 17 nations successively became independent during the 1960s, which 
is referred to as the era of the “Independence of African Nations”, set off by 
Ghanaian independence in 1957. However, African nations immediately after 
independence suffered from various problems including development issues, 
conflicts, infectious diseases, and so on, which remain major challenges to this 
day. Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) commenced from 1954, 
around the same time as the Independence of African Nations, but with the focus 
on support to the Asia region. In Africa, JICA started extending technical 
cooperation to the Korle Bu Hospital, Ghana College of Health Services (later 
the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research), which is regarded as the 
forerunner of Japanese development assistance to Africa. Subsequently, 
technical cooperation with the Kenya Medical Research Institute began, while 
Japanese assistance to Africa rose sharply in order to implement the first 
ODA-doubling plan.   
Even in the 1980s, a “Lost Decade” during a time of severe economic crises in 
Africa, Japanese ODA to Africa steadily rose from US$223 million in 1980 to 
US$884 million in 1988. Technical cooperation with the Zambia University 
Teaching Hospital was launched around the same time. Subsequently, support for 
African nations, including cooperation in the health and medical sector, 
expanded under the agreements made by the international community at the first 
Tokyo International Conference on Africa Development (TICAD I), which 
jump-started the expansion of assistance to Africa. In addition, as can be seen in 
the declaration of the Global Issues Initiative on Population and AIDS (G
Ⅱ
) in 
1994 and the Okinawa Infectious Diseases Initiative (IDI) in 2000, support for 
infectious diseases control in developing countries came to be focused on by the 
international community.   
A general description of cooperation extended to NMIMR, KEMRI, and UTH is 
shown in Table 3.1, which functions as the base of support for infectious diseases 
control through Japanese cooperation. 
 
 

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Year