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INTRODUCTION:
Cognitive developmental process includes remembering,
problem-solving, and decision-making from childhood through adolescence to
adulthood. Researchers have identified a broad range of cognitive competencies and
described the remarkable progress of cognitive development during the early childhood
years. Cognitive development implies the progressive changes in the mental processes
which go on from birth to death. Mental process deals with activities involved in the
mind, it refers to how a person perceives, thinks and gains and understand his or her
own world. However, cognitive development deals with information processing,
intelligence, reasoning, language development, and memory.
1 During preschool, amazing changes happen with children's thinking skills. Their
memories are becoming stronger, which means they often remember surprising details.
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They can share their ideas in new and interesting ways. Their imaginations are
becoming a primary vehicle for play and learning. They begin to compare, contrast,
organize, analyze, and come up with more and more complex ways to solve problems,
which helps their math skills and scientific reasoning become more sophisticated. This
lesson will highlight cognitive developmental milestones for preschoolers.
2 Watching preschool children’s thinking skills develop as they encounter new
people, places, and ideas is exciting. The chart below highlights cognitive development
during the preschool years. Keep in mind that individual differences exist when it
comes to the specific age at which children meet these milestones; each child is unique.
As you may have already learned in other courses, milestones provide a guide for when
to expect certain skills or behaviors to emerge. Think of milestones as guidelines to
help you understand and identify typical patterns of growth and development, or to
help you know when and what to look for as preschool children mature. You can use
this information, what you learn from families, and your own knowledge to create
interactions, experiences, and environments that support preschoolers learning and
development.
3 Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child
Development Philadelphia, March 1973. Shure, M. B., & Spivack, G. A mental health
program
for kindergarten
children: Training script.
Philadelphia:
Department
of Mental for preschool children
.
4 Your child’s more abstract “why” questions may be more difficult, partly
because there may be hundreds of them each day and also because some of them have
no answers—or none that you know. If the question is “Why does the sun shine?” or
“Why can’t the dog talk to me?” you can answer that you don’t know, or invite her to
look into the question further by finding a book about the sun or about dogs. Be sure
to take these questions seriously. As you do, you help broaden your child’s knowledge,
feed her curiosity, and teach her to think more clearly.
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When your three-year-old is faced with specific learning challenges, you’ll find her
reasoning still rather one-sided. She can’t yet see an issue from two angles, nor can she
solve problems that require her to look at more than one factor at the same time. For
example, if you take two equal cups of water and pour one into a short, fat container
and the other into a tall, skinny one, she’ll probably say the tall container holds more
water than the short. Even if she sees the two equal cups to start with and watches you
pour, she’ll come up with the same answer. By her logic, the taller container is “bigger”
and therefore must hold more. At around age seven, children finally understand that
they have to look at multiple aspects of a problem before arriving at an answer.
CONCLUSION:
The best approach is to offer your child a wide range of learning
opportunities. For instance, this is the perfect age to introduce him to zoos and
museums, if you haven’t done so already. Many museums have special sections
designed for children, where he can actively experience the learning process. At the
same time, you should respect his special interests and talents. If your child seems very
artistic, take him to art museums and galleries, or let him try a preschool art class. Also,
if you know an artist, take him for a visit so he can see what a studio is like. If he’s
most interested in machines and dinosaurs, take him to the natural history museum,
help him learn to build models, and provide him with construction kits that allow him
to create his own machines. Whatever his interests, you can use books to help answer
his questions and open his horizons even further. At this age, then, your child should
be discovering the joy of learning so that he will be self- motivated when his formal
education begins.
REFERENCES:
1.www.files.eric.ed.gov
2.www.virtuallabschool.org.com
3.Social-Cognitive development in context. Felicisima.C.Serafica (2015)
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4.www.healthchildren.org.com
5.Handbook of child psychology,Cognition,Perception,Language. (William Damon
,Richard .M.)
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