Mavzu: Kimyo va oziq ovqat sanoati xomashyo materiallari fning nazariy asoslari Kimyo sanoati

Контрольная работа
1. Сколько компаний в Узбекистане перерабатывают пластмассы?
А) Около 10
Б) более 12
C) Около 20
2. Какие пластмассы выдерживают длительное силовое воздействие при 100-350°?
А) Натуральный пластик
Б) Эластичные пластики
C) Закаленная плазма
3. В каких областях широко используются пластмассы?
А) В медицине Б) В автомобилестроении
C) Все ответы правильные
4. Какие свойства пластиковых изделий отличают их от других материалов?
А) Легкость
Б) Теплопроводность, электропроводность
C) Все ответы правильные
5. Пластик — это целлулоид, где он впервые был произведен в 1872 году.
А) США Б) Франция С) Германия

Topic: Theoretical foundations of raw materials for the chemical and food industries.
The chemical industry is one of the branches of heavy industry, various types of chemical products: mining and chemical raw materials, basic chemical products (ammonia, inorganic acids, alkalis, mineral fertilizers, soda, chlorine and chlorine products, liquefied gases, etc.), plastics and synthetic resins , including caprolactam, cellulose acetates, chemical fibers and threads, materials and products made of plastics and fiberglass, paints and varnishes, synthetic dyes, chemical reagents, photochemicals, household chemicals and the like. produces The transformation of the chemical industry into an independent industry was associated with the industrial revolution. Sulfuric acid I. Ch. The first factories were built in 1740 in Great Britain (Richmond), in 1766 in France (Rouen), in 1805 in Russia (Moscow province), in 1810 in Germany (near Leipzig). With the development of the textile and glass industries, soda plants were built. Such enterprises were established in France in 1793 (near Paris), in Great Britain in 1823 (Liverpool), in Germany in 1843 (in Schönebeck on the Elbe), in Russia in 1864 (Barnaul). From the middle of the 19th century, factories for the production of artificial fertilizers began to operate in Great Britain (1842), Germany (1867), Russia (1892). In the USA, K.s. It appeared later than in European countries, but by 1913 chemical products i.ch. ranks first in the world in terms of size. Despite the availability of appropriate sources of raw materials in Uzbekistan, the chemical industry was practically non-existent until the 1930s. In the 1910s, there were a number of small enterprises (12 soap factories, an oil refinery, 2 dye factories) for lime firing, the production of vegetable dyes, the production of sulfur, alkali, and soap making.
Formation of Modern K.S. in 1932. It began with the launch of the ancient Shursuv sulfur deposit (Fergana Valley). The company supplied 57% of the sulfur produced in the former USSR and played an important role in ensuring the Union's sulfur independence. The largest enterprise in the chemical industry in 1940 was the Chirchik Electrochemical Plant. started production in October. This year, 608.9 tons of ammonia, 961.7 tons of weak nitric acid and 930 tons of ammonium nitrate were produced. In 1940, the share of the chemical industry in the total industrial output of the republic was 0.8%, the number of workers in the chemical industry was 1% of industrial workers, and the share of the chemical industry in the industrial production fund was 7.4%. %.
In the post-war years, in 1946, the Kokand and in 1957 Samarkand superphosphate plants were put into operation, which provided the needs of the republic's agriculture in phosphate fertilizers. With the launch of the Gazli gas field in the Bukhara region in 1963 on the basis of natural gas the Ferghana Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant was established, and in 1964 the Navoi Chemical Plant was put into operation.
In 1958-65, a sulfuric acid plant, a rubber footwear plant, and the Yangiyul hydrolysis plant were built at the Almalyk Metallurgical Plant. In 1965, for the first time in the republic, a magnetic magnet was used to dump cotton leaves at the Fergana nitrogen-fertilizer plant.
began producing chlorate defoliant. A plastic pipe plant in Jizzakh (1972), in 1973 the first stage of a large enterprise for the production of ammophos was launched in Almalyk.
K.S., who played an important role in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the early 90s of the 20th century. was built. In 1990, 1762 thousand tons of mineral fertilizers (100% of nutrients), 154.9 thousand tons of synthetic resins and plastics, 1735.2 thousand tons of synthetic ammonia, 2859 thousand tons of sulfuric acid, 52.6 thousand tons of chemical fibers and threads, 226.2 thousand tons of synthetic detergents and soaps (40% fatty acids) and existing products.
The food industry is a branch of the national economy that produces food. The network presents meat and dairy products, butter and fish products, flour, cereals, pasta, canned fruits and vegetables, milk and butter, sugar, tea packaging, confectionery, bread, grapes and champagne, alcohol, vodka, tobacco, beer , thirst - hardening drinks., soap and other production.
Uzbekistan has a modern food industry. It includes more than 3200 enterprises. The industry is mainly based on the processing of local raw materials. The food industry produces more than 200 types of products.
Since the country's independence, Food has undergone deep organizational and economic reforms in the field. Many industrial enterprises were denationalized and transformed into open joint-stock companies and companies, the ministries of food, meat, milk, cereals, etc., which previously headed the industry, were abolished, and the State Joint Stock Concern "Uzozikovkatsanoat" was created. May 26, 1994 - associations "Ozikovkatsanoat" and "Yog-moytamakisanoat", SJSC "Uzgoshtsanoat" (April 6, 1993), SJSC "Uzdonmahsulot" (September 22, 1994 - April), SJSC "Uzmevasabzavotuzumsanoat" (since 28 November 1994), SJSC "Uzbalik" (1994), RPO "Uzparrandasanoat" under the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (1964), "Uzbekbirlash". Food industry enterprises have been transformed. to open joint stock companies. Steps are being taken to meet their final needs with domestically produced food. In 2002, food industry enterprises (thousand tons): meat - 147.4, beef fat - 1.9, dairy
products - 216.6, canned food - 480.6 thousand cans, confectionery - 61.1, vegetable oil - 222.2, bread and bakery products - 842.8, flour (from the grain of state resources) - 1554.9, tea packaged - 5.3, tobacco - 10.6, laundry soap - 41, sugar - 217.2, pasta - 74.6, wine - 6134 thousand, beer - 7853 thousand, thirst-quenching drinks - 12680 thousand and others products.
Test
1. How many companies in Uzbekistan process plastics?
A) about 10
B) more than 12
C) about 20
2. What plastics withstand long-term force at 100-350°?
A) natural plastic
B) Elastic plastics
C) Quenched Plasma
3. In what areas are plastics widely used?
A) In medicine B) In the automotive industry
C) All answers are correct
4. What properties of plastic products distinguish them from other materials?
A) ease
B) Thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity
C) All answers are correct
5. Plastic is celluloid where it was first produced in 1872.
A) USA B) France C) Germany