Маъсул муҳаррир: Филология фанлари доктори, профессор: Г. Х. Боқиева Тақризчилар

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A History of the English Language

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• The Role of the Discipline in Training the Teacher of a Foreign Culture

singan (a unstressed) sunu (u unstressed)
2 period Middle English/ ME 1100 - 1500	period of leveled endings; vowels of unstressed endings were leveled under a neutral vowel something like[ə], represented by the letter e. singen (a  e) sone [su:nə] (u  e)	1066, the year of Norman conquest
		1485, the end of the War of Roses, the decay of feudalism the rise of capitalism
3 period Modern English /MdE 1500 – nowadays Early MdE:1500 – 1660/1700 Late MdE: 1660/1700 – present day	Period of lost endings sing son	The rise of the English nation and the national language

As is seen from the table, the division is based on both phonetic and morphological features: weakening and loss of unstressed vowels and weakening and loss of grammatical morphemes.
It should be emphasized that the dates are but a mere convention as they cannot be taken literally. They simply signify the fact the by these periods the changes in the language had become so prominent that they could identify a new period in its history.
The Role of the Discipline in Training the Teacher of a Foreign Culture
Learning the history of English will enable the student to give answers to a considerable number of practical and theoretical questions. At the same time, this discipline is not limited to only mere statements of linguistic facts as it is believed to be able to explain them. In studying the history of the English language students are faced with problems concerning the driving forces or causes of language evolution. These causes are believed to be of two kinds, external and internal or extralinguistic and purely linguistic. As for the former, they may include such historic events as social changes, wars, conquests, migrations, cultural contacts and the like. In other words, changes in society or cultural changes are always reflected in the language proving once again the idea that language and culture are inseparable as, on the one hand, language is a part of culture, but, on the other, culture as a whole is transmitted very largely through language. Therefore, knowledge of cultural backgrounds in the language evolution is essential for the student as a translator of a foreign culture in general.

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