Contents page
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... ii
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... iii
Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................. v
Operational Terms ........................................................................................................................... vi
Chapter One: Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1
1. Introduction to the Study ...................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Background Information ..................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Research Objectives .............................................................................................................. 9
1.3.1 General Objective of the Study .................................................................................. 9
1.3.2 Specific Objectives of the Study ............................................................................... 9
1.4 Rationale of the Study ........................................................................................................ 10
1.5 Importance /Benefits of the study ................................................................................. 10
1.6 Delimitation of the Research ............................................................................................ 12
1.7 Limitations of the Research.............................................................................................. 12
1.8 The Research Contributions ............................................................................................ 13
1.9 Organization of the Thesis ................................................................................................ 15
Chapter Two: Reviewing Related Literatures ......................................................................... 17
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Conceptualization of Strategy .......................................................................................... 18
2.3 The Hierarchy of Strategy Formulation ........................................................................ 22
2.3.1 Business Strategy ........................................................................................................ 23
2.3.1.1 Porter‘s competitive advantage model ............................................................... 24
2.3.1.1.1 Cost Leadership .................................................................................................... 24
2.3.1.1.2 Differentiation ........................................................................................................ 25
2.3.1.1.3 Focus or Niche Strategy ..................................................................................... 26
II
2.4 Typology of Firms................................................................................................................. 27
2.4.1 Prospectors..................................................................................................................... 28
2.4.2 Analyzers ........................................................................................................................ 28
2.4.3 Defenders ........................................................................................................................ 29
2.4.4 Reactors .......................................................................................................................... 30
2.5 Ansoff‘s Matrix ...................................................................................................................... 31
2.5.1 Market Penetration ...................................................................................................... 32
2.5.2 Product Development ................................................................................................. 33
2.5.3 Market Development ................................................................................................... 33
2.5.4 Diversification ............................................................................................................... 34
2.6 Marketing Strategy .............................................................................................................. 34
2.6.1 Conceptualization of Marketing Strategy ............................................................ 34
2.6.2 Marketing Strategy Models ....................................................................................... 37
2.7 Textile Industry in Ethiopia ............................................................................................. 42
2.8 Chapter Summary ............................................................................................................... 45
Chapter Three: The Resource Based View and Marketing Strategy ............................... 47
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 47
3.2 Resource Based View Conceptualization ..................................................................... 48
3.3 Marketing Assets and Capabilities ................................................................................ 51
3.4. The Marketing Strategy .................................................................................................... 56
3.4.1 Market Segmentation Strategy .................................................................................... 56
3.4.2 Factors affecting the feasibility of segmentation ................................................... 57
3.4.3 Bases of segmentation.................................................................................................... 61
3.4.3.1 Customer classification .......................................................................................... 61
3.4.3.2 Bases for segmenting consumer market .......................................................... 62
3.4.3.3 Bases for segmenting business market ............................................................ 62
3.4.4 Market Targeting .............................................................................................................. 63
III
3.4.5 Concentrated Marketing ................................................................................................ 65
3.4.6 Micromarketing ................................................................................................................ 67
3.4.7 Product Positioning ......................................................................................................... 69
3.4.8 Positioning strategies ...................................................................................................... 72
3.4.9 Differentiation ................................................................................................................... 74
3.5 Marketing Strategy Implementation (Marketing Mix Strategies) ......................... 77
3.5.1 Product Marketing Strategy.......................................................................................... 78
3.5.2 Dimensions of Product Strategies .............................................................................. 79
3.5.3 Product-design strategy ................................................................................................. 82
3.5.4 New-product strategy ..................................................................................................... 83
3.5.5 Diversification strategy .................................................................................................. 84
3.5.6 Pricing Strategy ................................................................................................................ 85
3.5.7 Distribution Strategy ...................................................................................................... 88
3.5.8 Channel-Structure Strategy ......................................................................................... 90
3.5.9 Promotion Strategy .......................................................................................................... 92
3.5.10 Strategies for Developing Effective IMC ................................................................. 95
3.6 Marketing strategy and firm performance ................................................................... 97
3. 7 Gaps in the Literatures .................................................................................................. 102
3. 8 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 103
Chapter Four: Research Methodology .................................................................................... 105
4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 105
4.2 Research Paradigm ........................................................................................................... 107
4.2.1 Interpretive Paradigm ............................................................................................... 107
4.2.1.1 Ontology of Interpretive Paradigm .................................................................... 108
4.2.1.2 Epistemology of Interpretive Paradigm ........................................................... 108
4.2.2 The Positivism Paradigm ......................................................................................... 109
4.2.2.1 Ontology of positivism .......................................................................................... 109
IV
4.2.2.2 Epistemology of positivism .................................................................................. 109
4.2.3 The pragmatic paradigm.............................................................................................. 110
4.3 Research Design ................................................................................................................ 111
4.4 Defining the population ................................................................................................... 114
4.5 Case Selection Technique ............................................................................................... 114
4.6 Unit of Analysis .................................................................................................................. 115
4.7 Use of Theory in Data Ccollection and Analysis ...................................................... 116
4.8 Operationalization of the research constructs ......................................................... 118
4.9 Data Sources ....................................................................................................................... 119
4.9.1 Primary Sources ......................................................................................................... 119
4.9.2 Secondary Sources .................................................................................................... 120
4.10 Data Analysis.................................................................................................................... 120
4.11 Methodological Considerations ................................................................................... 126
4.11.1Construct Validity..................................................................................................... 127
4.11.2 Internal Validity ....................................................................................................... 128
4.11.3 External Validity ...................................................................................................... 129
4.11.4 Reliability ................................................................................................................... 130
4.12 Personal Involvement ..................................................................................................... 131
4.13 Ethical Issues ................................................................................................................... 131
4.14 Chapter Summary .......................................................................................................... 133
Chapter Five: Data Analysis and Discussion ....................................................................... 134
5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 135
5.2. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................... 136
5.3 General Descriptions of the Case Companies .......................................................... 137
5.4 Within Case Analysis ........................................................................................................ 139
5.5 The Cross Case Analysis ................................................................................................. 173
5.5.1 Enabling Environment (Marketing Assets and Capabilities) ........................... 179
V
5.5.1.1 Marketing Assets .................................................................................................... 180
5.5.1.2 Marketing Capabilities ......................................................................................... 184
5.5.2 Marketing Strategy Formulation and Implementation ...................................... 188
5.5.2.1 Marketing Strategy Formulation ....................................................................... 188
5.5.2. 2. Marketing Strategy Implementation .............................................................. 198
5.5.3 Company Performance ................................................................................................. 210
5.5.3.1 Companies Perceived Financial Performance ............................................... 211
5.5.3.2 Companies Non Financial Performance .......................................................... 214
5. 6 The Links Among the Research Constructs ............................................................ 218
5.6.1 The link between marketing enabling environment and marketing
strategy ..................................................................................................................................... 219
5.6.2 The link between marketing strategy and company performances ........... 221
5.6.3 The link between marketing enabling environment and firms‘ marketing
performance ............................................................................................................................ 222
5.7 Revisiting the Conceptual Framework ........................................................................ 224
Chapter 6: Conclusions and Implications/ Recommendations of the Research .... 227
6.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 227
6.2 Implications of the Research Findings ....................................................................... 234
6.2.1 Implications for Theory ............................................................................................ 235
6.2.2 Implications for Management Practice ................................................................ 236
6.3 Recommendation for Future Research ....................................................................... 241
References ....................................................................................................................................... 243
Annex ................................................................................................................................................ 257
VI
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