Marketing communication: principles and practice



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73 Marketing communication principles and practice Richard J Varey

innovators
: like new ideas, have discretionary money to spend, and take
risks
C O N S U M E R B E H A V I O U R A N D C O M M U N I C A T I O N
64


2
early adopters
: well-educated opinion leaders who are open to new ideas 
3
early majority
: opinion followers who rely on informal sources of data
4
late majority
: sceptical about new ideas, only adopting new products
for social and economic reasons
5
laggards
: suspicious of new ideas and very fixed in their thinking, with
little disposable income
People whose behaviour mostly falls into one of these categories for a given
product will have distinct communication behaviours, such as media use,
and so on.
PERSONAL INFLUENCE AND OPINION LEADERS
We should keep in mind that ‘organizations’, companies, firms, and so on
are not living things and cannot communicate. It is people who communicate
with one another, either in their own right or on behalf of a legally recognized
entity (a company or firm or partnership). 
It is a gross oversimplification to imagine that an organization directs
information like an arrow or bullet at a target audience. Not only do people
communicate with people, but also communication is not merely information
C O N S U M E R B E H A V I O U R A N D C O M M U N I C A T I O N
65
Hierarchy
of effects
Awareness
Knowledge
Liking
Preference
Conviction
Adoption
Awareness
Interest
Evaluation
Trial
Adoption
Problem
recognition
Awareness
Comprehension
Attitude
Legitimation
Trial
Adoption
Dissonance
Knowledge
Persuasion
Decision
Implementation
Confirmation

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