Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services

Classification according to industry 
15. The lack of statistical information on the distribution 
of foreign employment according to occupation might 
necessitate the use of data on foreign employment on the 
basis of the economic activity of the importing or 
exporting units. The question of how to make the best 
use of the United Nations classification system for 
economic activity (ISIC) as a tool for this purpose needs 
to be investigated further.
i
g
Geneva, 
1990. 
h
Some examples of CPC categories that correspond to the 
classification of ISCO-88 and are covered by the 
commitments are legal professionals (ISCO 242 and CPC 
861), accountants (ISCO 2411 and CPC 862), engineering 
professionals (part of ISCO 214 and CPC 8672), architectural 
professionals (ISCO 2141 and CPC 8671) and medical 
professionals (ISCO 222 and 223a.o. and CPC 9312). 
i
This is also discussed in the 
Manual
. 
Classification according to status of employment 
16. A number of WTO members have included 
“independent service providers” in their GATS-specific 
commitments. To identify foreign nationals as 
“independent service providers,” reference may be made 
to the criteria used in the 1993 SNA or 
the International 
Classification of Status in Employment
(ICSE-93). 
ICSE-93 describes five substantive groups
j
and outlines 
a number of subcategories, some of which may be 
relevant in the context of trade in services. The main 
criteria used to define the groups of this classification 
are the type of economic risk and authority between the 
person and the job and the type of authority over the 
establishment. In principle, the criteria correspond to 
those used in the 1993 SNA for the corresponding 
variable used to classify the household sector units 
according to main source of income (see para. 4.151 of 
the 1993 SNA).