Management philosophy, ownership structure and corporate structure

ORGANIZING AND STAFFING IN US, JAPANESE AND CHINESE MANAGEMENT
Organizing in USA Management:
1. Individual responsibility and accountability
2. Clarity and specificity of decision responsibility
3. Formal bureaucratic organizational structure
4. Lack of common organization culture; identification with profession rather than with company
Organizing in Japanese Management:
1. Collective responsibility and accountability
2. Ambiguity of decision responsibility
3. Informal organization structure
4. Well-known common organization culture and philosophy; competitive spirit toward other enterprises
Organizing In Chinese Management:
1. Collective and individual responsibility
2. Attempts to introduce the “factory responsibility system”
3. Formal bureaucratic organization structure
4. Identification with the company but no competitive spirit
Staffing in USA Management:
1. People hired out of schools and from other companies; frequent company changes
2. Rapid advancement highly desired and demanded
3. Loyalty to the profession
4. Frequent performance evaluation for new employees
5. Appraisal of short-term results
6. Promotions based primarily on individual performance
7. Training and development undertaken with hesitation (employee may go to another firm)
Staffing in Japanese Management:
1. Young people hired out of school; hardly any mobility of people among companies
2. Slow promotion through the ranks
3. Loyalty to the company
4. Very infrequent formal performance evaluations for new (young) employees
5. Training and development considered a long term investment
6. Lifetime employment common in large companies
Staffing in Chinese Management:
1. Most hired from school, fewer from other companies
2. Slow promotion, but regular salary increase
3. Lack of loyalty to both company and profession
4. Infrequent performance review (usually once a year)
5. 5-year plan, otherwise short-term targets
6. Promotions are supposed to be based on performance, potential ability, and education. But family ties and good relations with top managers are important
7. Training programs available. State exam administered for managers