Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2017. This page may be photocopied and used in class

Comparison and contrast: 
you can use 
comparison and contrast language structures for 
Task 1 to compare and contrast the size of various 
items. You can also use such language to express 
you opinion/position/stance. You need to recognise 
when people are comparing ideas. 
Evaluation:
you can evaluate or say what you 
think about something such as an item, an event, 
an idea/concept, etc., in different ways. You can 
use: adjectives, e.g., (it is) important/harmful/ 
essential; comparisons and contrasts, e.g., more/ 
less important/beneficial than. You do not always 
have to say 
I think/In my 
opinion, etc.
Exemplification:
you can give examples in many 
ways, e.g., 
For example/For instance, in Germany, … 
like Germany, … in countries such as Germany
. You 
do not always have to use devices like 
for example, 
etc. You can say: 
In Germany, people ….
It is essential to use examples in writing and in 
speaking in order to make things more concrete, 
IELTS essentials

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Ready for 
IELTS
2nd Edition
© Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2017. This page may be photocopied and used in class.
Process:
a process involves steps/stages and phases, 
which you can highlight using words and phrases 
like 
then, next, at this stage
. You can encounter 
processes in Writing Task 1, Listening and 
Reading. For Writing Task 1, you need to describe 
the stages, etc., in a process and highlight them. In 
Reading and Listening tests, you need to be able to 
notice and recognise the stages in a process, which 
may not always be highlighted as clearly as in your 
own writing.