|
Bu yerda, Gr — Grasgof kriteriyasi, Pr — Prandtlya kriteriyasi.
Chuqur hajmli rezervuardan suyuqlikning bug'lanishida atmosfera havzasiga tashlanayotgan zararli moddalaming miqdori quyidagi formula yordamida hisoblanadi:
g=- xio-vD--xFxCxhnL2L
К h В-Рж
bu yerda,
Di — Suyuqlik bug'larining bug'lanish koeffitsienti, sm2/soat;
F — idish yuzasi, m2;
Ci — gaz aralashmasidagi komponentlaming konsentratsiyasi, mg/m3;
h — idish yuzasidan suv sathigacha bo'lgan balandlik, m;
В — barometrik bosim, Pa;
Poi — manbaadagj bug‘laming parsial b^simi, Pa;
Pji — bug'lanish haroratidagi suyuqlik ustidagi parsial bosim, Pa;
kl — bug‘lanish yuzasidagi haroratimng pasayishini hisobga oluvchi koeffitsient (jadvaldan).
3-jadval
Suyuqlikning qaynash temperaturasi, UC
|
<80
|
100
|
150
|
>150
|
ki
|
1.5
|
1.3
|
l.l
|
1.0
|
Ц — Bug'lanish yuzasini yopiqlik darajasining koeffitsienti
395
jadval
F1/F2
|
0.0001
|
0.001
|
0.01
|
0.1
|
0.5
|
0.8
|
>0.8
|
k2
|
0
|
0.01
|
0.1
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
0.6
|
1.0
|
Mlsol. Nafas olish klapani orqali bug'lanayotgan zararli moddalaming miqdorini aniqlash.
Berilgan:
Atmosfera bosimi V— 101325 Pa.
Lyuk diametri d = 0.5 m.
Apparat diametri d * = 1.4 m.
Apparatnmg balandligi Нф= 2.5m.
Suyuqlik bilan to'ldinlganlik darajasi kw = 0.7.
Apparatdagi suyuqlikning tarkibi:
Suv — 40% ob., benzol — 30% ob., dixloretan — 30% ob.
Apparat tashqarisidagi gaz muhiti — ammiak aralashmali havo.
Namlik =50%.
Ammiakning konsenratsiyasi = 10mg/m3.
Apparatdagi suyuqlik va gaz muhitining harorati = 40°C.
Yechish:
Komponent bug‘larining suyuqlik ustidagi parsial bosimi, Pa
Komponent bug‘lanning t = 0°C, Ro = 101308 Pa dagi diffuziya koeffitsienti:
Dqho= 18.8 10-6 m2/s, Dos= 9.05 10—6 m2/s, £>0j= 8.02 10—6 m2/s
Komponent bug'larining t = 40°C, R = 101325 Pa dagi diffuziya koeffitsienti:
a)
b)
D,^0=18.8x1(^-6^1308^^2^21 =24.69x10* m2/s M 101325 V 273 + 0 J
2
| =11.89x10* mJs
D, s =9.05 xlO**—
's 101325
f 273 + 40) t 273 + 0 J
d)
D, _ „=8.02x10*
101308| 273 + 40V
I — =10.54x10 mVs
101325 V 273 + 0 J '
Apparatdagi bug'lanish yuzasi:
Яр = 0.785х<£ =0.785xl.4 2= 1.53 86 m 2
Lyuk yuzasi:
Ft = 0.785xf = 0.785x0.52 = 0.1962 m2
r XT- u * F 0.1962 n
Nisbat: ——= =0.127
F„1.5386
Bug'lanish yuzasining yopiqUgini hisobga oluvchi koeffitsient:
-5-=0.127 ,k. = 0.2
Fm ‘
Suyuqlik komponentlanning qaynash temperaturasi:
Suv — 100°C, benzol — 80.1°C, dixloretan — 83.5°C
Bug'lanish yuzasining temperaturasi pasayishini hisobga oluvchi koeffitsientlar k,,:
Suv - 1.3
Benzol — 1.5
Dixloretan — 1.3
Yuqori burchakdan suv yuzasigacha bo'lgan balandlik:
h = HP - km) = 2.5(1 - 0.7) = 0.75 m
Suyuqlik yuzasidagi gaz aralashmasimng komponentlanning konsentratsiyasi: (punkt 9,11-masaladan)
_ 16.^,1000
'”(273+0133.3
CHi0 =39876
Ce = 96258
Сд=81710
Tashqi muhit gaz komponentlanning parsial bosimi, Pa (punkt 6,11- masaladan):
t = 40°C da PH,0 = 6676.6 0.5 = 3338 Pa, P„= 0, Рд= 0
Lyuk orqali bug'lanib tashqi muhitga tashlanmayotgan gaz aralashmasi komponentlarining konsentratsiyasi, g/soat:
B~P«
B~-„
0.75
a)-, 0.2 ,„., 44.69x 10'’x3000x|.5386x39876C., 101325-3328
'G, — xlO ' -xIn =0.0364
• 1.3 0.75 101325-5759
0 2
М G,= — xiO
■ 1 1.5
1 1 . 8З х 1 О"1, х 3600 x 1.5386 x 9625 8
0.75
xln
101 325 -2
1 01 325 -3206.4
= 0.0419
10.54x10* X 3600x1 ,5386 x 81 710
0. 75
xln
10 1325 -0
101 325 -2148
= 0.038
НЪ
— /
jadval
Vanantlar:
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
Benzol - 45 %
|
Benzol - 50 %.
|
Benzol - 30 %
|
Benzol - 20 %
|
Dixloretan ’25 %
|
Dixloretan 120%
|
Dixloretan -30 %
|
Dixloretan 140%
|
Suv - 30 %
|
Suv-30%
|
Suv - 40 %
|
Suv-30%
|
Слм>= 15 mg/m3
|
C.tl., = 10 mg/m3 t = 48°C
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C.w, = 10 mg/m3 t= 44°C
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CWi =5 mg/m3 t= 46°C
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
t = 42UC
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d= 0.2 m
|
d = 1m
|
d = 0.35 m
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d = 0.1m
|
dap = 1.5 m
|
dap = 1.4 m
|
d„p = 2 m
|
dap = 1.6 m
|
N = 3 m
|
Nap = 2.5m
|
Nap = 4 m
|
Benzol - 40 %
|
Benzol - 10 %
|
Benzol - 35 %
|
Benzol - 25 %
|
Dixloretan-30%
|
Dixloretan -30 %
|
Dixloretan - 25%
|
Dixloretan -20%
|
Suv-30%
|
Suv - 60 %
|
Suv-40%
|
Suv - 55 %
|
C.yh, =15 mg/m3
|
С™, = 5 mg/m3
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СЛИ1=15 mg/m3
|
C.w, = 5 mg/m3
|
t= 40°C
|
t= 30°C
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t= 40°C
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t = 45°C
|
d-0.5 m
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d= 1 m
|
d=1.5m
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d= 0.5 m
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dap = 2.5 m
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dop = 1.8 m
|
dap “2 m
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dap — 1.8 in
|
Nap = 2.5m
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Nap = 2.5m
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Nop = 3.5m
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Nv, = 3
|
O‘LCHOV BIRLIKLARI VA BA’ZI BIRIKMALARNING
XOSSALARI
BIRLIKLARNI 0‘TKAZISH
Bosim
|
atm
|
psia
|
kPa = kPa
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bar = bar
|
mm Hg= mm.rtst
|
1 atm =
|
1
|
14.696
|
101325
|
1.01325
|
760
|
1 Dsia =
|
0.068046
|
1
|
6.894733
|
0.068947
|
51.71475
|
1 kRa =
|
0.00986
|
0.14503
|
1
|
0.010000
|
7.500617
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1 bar =
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0.986923
|
14.5038
|
100.0000
|
1
|
750.0616
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1 mmHg =
|
0.001316
|
0.01933
|
0.133322
|
0.(031333
|
1
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Harorat
Kelvin-a, К = V' + 273.1: 5 = ((°F-32)/1.8) + 273.15 = °R/1.8
Selsiyga, °S - K-273.15= (°F-32)/l .8 = (°R/1.8)-273.15
Farengeytga. °F = (1.8 x (K.-273.15))+32 = (1.8 x°C) + 32-°R-459.67
Rankinga, °R =(1.8 x K) = 1.8x(°C+-273.15) = °F+ 459.67
NEFT VA NEFT MAHSULOTLARINI O‘LCHASH BIRLIKLARI
Oicbasb birligi
|
Kattalik
|
Barrel
|
= 158.9838 1
= 42,0 gal. SSHA = 34,9726 angl. gal.
= 5,6154 kub.fiit. = 0,159 kub. m
|
GaUon ingliz(imperskiy)
|
= 4,546 1
= 1,201 gal. SSHA
= 0,1605 kub. fut.
= 0,0286 bar.
= 0,0045 kub. m
|
Gallon AQSH
|
= 3,7853 1
= 0,8327 angl. gal.
= 0,1337 kub.fiit.
= 0,0238 bar.
=0,0038 kub.m
|
Kub metr
|
= 999,973 1
= 264,173 gal. AQSH
= 219,97 angl. gal.
= 35,3199 kub. fiit.
= 6,2898 bar.
|
Davomi
Kub fut
|
=28,317 1
=7,481 gal. AQSH = 6,2288 angl. gal.
=0,1781 bar.
= 0,0283 kub. m
|
Litr
|
= 0,264 gal, AQSH =0,22 angl. gal. =0,0353 kub. fut.
= 0,0063 bar.
= 0,001 kub.m.
|
BA’ZI ORGANIK SUYUQLIKLARNING FIZIK XOSSALARI
Suyuqlik
|
Klmyoviy formula
|
Mol.massa kg/kmol
|
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