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places, are being increased in order to reduce crime, but some people believe 
that these measures restrict our individual freedom. 
Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages? 
Exercise: For further practice with ‘Advantage & disadvantage’ topics, refer to 
Cambridge IELTS books.
 

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 IELTS
 JOURNAL 
 
22 
‘Cause/Effect & Solutions’ Topics 
Example #1:
Childhood obesity is becoming a serious problem in many countries.
Explain the main causes and effects of this problem, and suggest some 
possible solutions.
 
Causes: 
eat junk food e.g. hamburgers, chips, McDonald's / drink sugary soft 
drinks 
lack of exercise / sedentary life style/physical activity contributes to 
the obesity problem 
play computer games / chat on the net, rather than playing outside 
or doing sport 
 
Effects: 
these problems lead to obesity / children are overweight, unhealthy, 
unfit 
a higher risk of diseases e.g. diabetes, heart disease, cancer 
put a strain on hospitals / they will be a burden on hospitals in the 
future 
 
Solution: 
it is the parents', schools', governments' responsibility to ... 
give children healthy food, control what they eat, ensure that they 
have a healthy diet, limit junk food advertising 
restrict the time they spend playing computer games, encouraging 
them to take regular exercise 
 
Example #2:
Many criminals re-offend after they have been punished.
Why do some people continue to commit crimes after they have been