The Lucifer Effect
tle on the FBI for its failure to follow up on pleas from her office that they check
out a person whom it identified as a potential terrorist and who turned out to be
one of the co-conspirators in the September 1 1 , 2 0 0 1 , terror attacks. These
"three woman of ordinary demeanor but extraordinary guts and sense" risked a
great deal in challenging their established power b a s e .
6 6
Jonestown Heroes
Debbie Layton and Richard Clark were two survivors among the 9 1 3 American
citizens who died in the mass suicides and murders that took place in Jonestown,
Guyana, on November 1 8 , 1 9 7 8 . Debbie came from a relatively affluent, edu-
cated white family in Oakland, California, while Richard came to San Francisco
from humble African-American origins in Mississippi. They both became my per-
sonal friends when they arrived in the Bay area after having escaped the horrors
of the Jonestown nightmare. Both qualify as heroes in different ways, Debbie as a
whistle-blower and Richard as a Good Samaritan.
Debbie joined Reverend Jim Jones's Peoples Temple congregation as an
eighteen-year-old. She was a loyal follower for many years and eventually became
the Temple's finance secretary. As such, she was entrusted with moving millions
of dollars out of Jonestown to deposits in secret Swiss bank accounts. Her mother
and brother, Larry, were also Temple members. But over time she realized that
Jonestown was more like a concentration camp than the promised Utopia where
racial harmony and a sustainable lifestyle would prevail. Nearly a thousand faith-
ful members were subjected to hard labor, semistarvation, and physical and sexual
abuse. Armed guards surrounded them, and spies infiltrated their lives. Jones
even forced them to practice regular suicide drills, called "White Nights," that
frightened Debbie into understanding that he was actually preparing them for a
mass suicide.
At great personal peril, she decided to flee Jonestown and take the message of
its potential destructive power to concerned relatives and to the government. She
could not even alert her sick mother to her escape plan for fear that her emotional
reaction that might tip off Jones. After executing a complex set of maneuvers,
Debbie did escape and immediately did all she could to alert authorities to the abu-
sive conditions at Jonestown and to warn them of what she believed was an immi-
nent tragedy.
In June 1 9 7 8 , she issued an affidavit to the U.S. government warning of a
potential mass suicide. Its thirty-seven detailed points began: "RE. The Threat
And Possibility Of Mass Suicide By Members Of The People's Temple. I, Deborah
Layton Blakey, declare the following under penalty of perjury: The purpose of this
affidavit is to call to the attention of the United States government the existence of
a situation which threatens the lives of United States citizens living in Jonestown,
Guyana."
Six months later, her Cassandra-like prediction was eerily validated. Sadly,
her pleas for aid were met by the skepticism of government officials who refused to
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