The Lucifer Effect
1037 and each of the other prisoners is asked the same question in turn, and
each responds identically, individually and then collectively.
Arnett: "Let's hear it five times to make sure you remember it. Because of the
bad things that Prisoner 819 did, your cells are a mess. Let's hear it ten times."
"Because of what Prisoner 819 did, my cell is a mess."
The prisoners chant the phrase repeatedly, but 1037, the one who plans to be
a lawyer, is no longer joining in. Guard John Landry gestures menacingly at him
with his billy club to get with the program. Arnett stops the chant to ask what is
wrong; Landry informs him of 1037's disobedience.
Prisoner 1037 challenges Arnett: "I have a question, Mr. Correctional Offi-
cer. Are we supposed to never tell lies?"
Arnett, in his most formal, unflustered, totally authentic style, replies,
"We're not interested in your questions now. The task has been assigned, now
let's hear it. 'Because of what Prisoner 819 did, my cell is a mess' ten times."
Prisoners chant the phrase but lose track and do so eleven times.
Arnett: "How many times were you told to do that, Prisoner 3401?"
3401: "Ten times."
Arnett: "How many times did you do it, Mr. 3401."?
3401: "Ten times, Mr. Correctional Officer"
Arnett: "Wrong, you all did it eleven times. Do it over again, do it properly, do
it ten times, as I have commanded you to do: 'Because of what Prisoner 819 did, my
cell is a mess'—ten times."
They shout it out in precision exactly ten more times.
Arnett: "Everyone assume the position."
Without a moment's hesitation, everyone falls to the ground for push-ups.
"Down, up, down, up. 5486, these aren't belly rolls, they are push-ups, keep that
back straight. Down, up, down, up, down, and stay down. Roll over on your backs
for leg lifts."
Arnett: "Six inches is the important feature of this, men. Everybody goes six
inches, and everybody's leg will stay there until everybody's leg is six inches."
Guard J. Landry measures to determine whether each prisoner's legs are
lifted exactly six inches above the ground.
Arnett: "All together, ten times, 'I will not make the mistake that 819 did, Mr.
Correctional Officer.' "
Arnett: "Now at the absolute top of your lungs, 'I will not make any mistakes,
Mr. Correctional Officer!' "
They all obey in perfect unison. Prisoner 1037 refuses to shout but goes
along with the chanting nevertheless, while Sarge is delighting in the chance to
shout out his obedience to this authority. Then all sing out very politely in re-
sponse to the officer's final command: "Thank you very much for this nice count,
Mr. Correctional Officer."
The precise unison of the prisoners would be the envy of any choirmaster or
Wednesday Is Spiraling Out of Control 107
Hitler Youth rally leader, I think to myself. Moreover, how far have they—or we—
come since Sunday's giggling counts and the playful antics of the new prisoners?
YOU'RE NOT 819: IT'S TIME TO GO HOME, STEWART
When I realize that 819 might be hearing all of this in the R&R Room on the other
side of thin partition, I rush to check on him. What I find is 819 hunched over
into a quivering mass, hysterical. I put my arms around him trying to comfort
him, assuring him that he will be all right once he has left and gone home. To my
surprise, he refuses to leave with me to see a doctor and then go home. "No, I can't
leave. I have to go back in there," he insists through his tears. He can't leave
knowing that the other prisoners have labeled him a "bad prisoner," that messing
up his cell has made all this harassment come down upon them. Even though he
is clearly distressed, he is willing to go back into that prison to prove that he is not
really a bad guy.
"Listen carefully to me, now, you're not 819. You are Stewart, and my name
is Dr. Zimbardo. I am a psychologist, not a prison superintendent, and this is not a
real prison. This is just an experiment, and those guys in there are just students,
like you. So it's time to go home, Stewart. Come with me now. Let's go."
He stops sobbing, wipes away the tears, straightens up, and looks into my
eyes. He looks like a small child awakening from a nightmare, assured by his par-
ent that it is not a real monster and that everything will be fine once he fully ac-
cepts that truth. "Ok, Stew, let's go." (I have broken through his illusion, but mine
is still clinging on.)
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