Resisting Situational Influences and Celebrating Heroism
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accept that such a bizarre tale could be true. However, some concerned relatives
did believe her and encouraged California Congressman Leo Ryan to investigate.
Reporters, a cameraman, and some relatives accompanied Ryan on his visit. As
he was about to return home with a positive evaluation of what he had been
duped into believing were ideal living conditions, several families who decided to
defect under his protection joined Ryan. But it was too late. Jones, by now very
paranoid, believed the defectors would reveal the truth about Jonestown to the
outside world. He had the congressman and some of his entourage murdered and
then arranged for cyanide-laced Kool-Aid to be given to his weary followers. His
infamous last-hour speech was outlined in Chapter 1 2 ; a full version is available
online at the Jonestown website.
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Debbie Layton has written an eloquent account of how she and so many oth-
ers were trapped by the persuasive lures of this diabolical preacher man. Jim
Jones's Lucifer-like transformation from benevolent religious minister to angel of
death unfolds chillingly in her book, Seductive Poison.
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I have argued elsewhere
that there are remarkable parallels between the mind control tactics used by Jones
and those depicted in George Orwell's classic novel 1984 that might make the
Jonestown phenomenon a field experiment of the most extreme mind control
imaginable—and perhaps even sponsored by the C I A .
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I helped counsel Richard Clark and his girlfriend, Diane Louie, after they re-
turned to San Francisco, having escaped the mass suicide. Richard was a simple,
pragmatic man. a slow-speaking but sensitive observer of people and places. He
said that the moment he got to Jonestown he could detect that something was se-
riously wrong. No one in the Promised Land was smiling. Everyone in the sup-
posed land of plenty was hungry. People whispered and never laughed. Work not
only came before play but also never left time for play. Jones's voice boomed out
over the compound day and night, in person or on tape. The sexes were segre-
gated into different barracks, and sex, even among married couples, was forbid-
den without Jones's approval. No one could leave because no one could figure out
where they were in the midst of a jungle in a foreign land thousands of miles from
home.
Richard Clark hatched a plan. He volunteered for a job that no one wanted in
the "piggery," which was in an isolated smelly part of the sprawling compound.
The place was ideal for Richard to escape Jones's mind-numbing rhetoric and to
seek out a path through the jungle to freedom. Once he had slowly and carefully
laid out his escape, he told Diane about it and said that when the time was ripe,
they would flee together. In defiance of Jones's extensive spy system, Richard
made the decidedly risky decision to tell the members of a few families about the
planned escape. On the morning of Sunday, November 1 8 , Jones ordered every-
one to have a holiday in celebration of Congressman Ryan's return to America
with the message about the good works being accomplished in this agricultural
socialist Utopia. That was Richard's exit cue. He assembled his party of eight and,
pretending they were off on a picnic, led them through the jungle to safety. By the
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