The Lucifer Effect
The Stanford County Jail Prisoners' Grievance Committee
Realizing that the situation is becoming volatile, I have the warden announce
over the loudspeaker that prisoners should elect three members to the newly
formed "Stanford County Jail Prisoners' Grievance Committee," who will meet
with Superintendent Zimbardo as soon as they agree on what grievances they
want to have addressed and rectified. We later learn from a letter that Paul-5704
sent to his girlfriend that he was proud to be nominated by his comrades to head
this committee. This is a remarkable statement, showing how the prisoners had
lost their broad time perspectives and were living "in the moment."
The Grievance Committee, consisting of elected members, Paul-5704, Jim-
4325, and Rich-1037, tell me that their contract has been violated in many ways.
Their prepared list includes that: the guards are being both physically and ver-
bally abusive; there is an unnecessary level of harassment; the food is not ade-
quate; they want to have their books, glasses, and various pills and meds
returned; they want more than one Visiting Night; and some of them want reli-
gious services. They argue that all of these conditions justified their need to rebel
openly as they had all day long.
Behind my silver reflecting sunglasses, I slip into the superintendent role
automatically. I start out by saying I am sure we can resolve any disagreements
amicably, to our mutual satisfaction. I note that this Grievance Committee is a fine
first step in that direction. I am willing to work directly with them as long as they
Monday's Prisoner Rebellion
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represent the will of all the others. "But you have to understand that a lot of the
guards' hassling and physical actions have been induced by your bad behavior.
You have brought it upon yourselves by disrupting our planned schedules and by
creating panic among the guards, who are new to this line of work. They took
away many of your privileges rather than becoming more physically abusive to
the rebellious prisoners." The Grievance Committee members nod knowingly.
"I promise to take this grievance list to my staff tonight and to change as many
negative conditions as possible, and to institute some of the positive things you
have suggested. I will bring a prison chaplain down tomorrow and have a second
Visiting Night this week, for starters."
"That's great, thanks," says the head prisoner, Paul-5704, and the others
nod in agreement that progress is being made toward a more civil prison.
We stand and shake hands, and they leave pacified. I hope that they will tell
their buddies to cool it from now on, so we can avoid such confrontations.
PRISONER 8612 BEGINS A MELTDOWN
Doug-8612 is not in a cooperative mood. He is not buying the goodwill message
of the grievance guys. More insubordination earns him more Hole time, with his
hands cuffed continuously. He says he is feeling sick and demands to see the war-
den. A while later, Warden Jaffe meets with him in his office and listens to the pris-
oner complain about the arbitrary and "sadistic" behavior of the guards. Jaffe
tells him that his behavior is triggering the guards' reactions. If he would be more
cooperative, Jaffe would see to it that the guards would lighten up on him. 8612
says that unless that happens soon, he wants out. Jaffe is also concerned about his
medical complaints and asks if he wants to see a doctor, to which 8612 demurs
for now. The prisoner is escorted back to his cell, from which he yells back and
forth to comrade Rich-1037, who is still sitting in solitary complaining about the
intolerable conditions and also wanting to see a doctor.
Although seemingly comforted by his exchange with the warden, Prisoner
8612 goes off screaming in rage, insisting on seeing "the fucking Dr. Zimbardo,
Superintendent." I agree to see him immediately.
Our Prison Consultant Mocks the Mock Prisoner
That afternoon, I had arranged for the first visit to the prison of my consultant
Carlo Prescott, who had helped me design many of the features in the experi-
ment to simulate a functional equivalent of imprisonment in a real jail. Carlo
had recently been paroled from San Quentin State Prison after serving seven-
teen years there, as well as time served at Folsom and Vacaville Prisons, mostly
for convictions on armed robbery felonies. I had met him a few months before
during one of the course projects that my social psychology students organized
around the theme of individuals in institutional settings. Carlo had been invited
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