T H E U L T I M A T E T E S T O F B L I N D O B E D I E N C E T O A U T H O R I T Y :
K I L L I N G Y O U R C H I L D R E N O N C O M M A N D
Our final extension of the social psychology of evil from artificial laboratory ex-
periments to real-world contexts comes to us from the jungles of Guyana, where
an American religious leader persuaded more than nine hundred of his followers
to commit mass suicide or be killed by their relatives and friends on November 2 8 ,
1 9 7 8 . Jim Jones, the pastor of Peoples Temple congregations in San Francisco
and Los Angeles, set out to create a socialist utopia in this South American na-
tion, where brotherhood and tolerance would be dominant over the materialism
and racism he loathed in the United States. But over time and place Jones was
transformed from the caring, spiritual "father" of this large Protestant congrega-
tion into an Angel of Death—a truly cosmic transformation of Luciferian propor-
tions. For now I want only to establish the obedience to authority link between
Milgram's basement laboratory in New Haven and this jungle-killing field.
5 8
The dreams of the many poor members of the Peoples Temple for a new and
better life in this alleged utopia were demolished when Jones instituted extended
forced labor, armed guards, total restriction of all civil liberties, semistarvation
diets, and daily punishments amounting to torture for the slightest breach of any
of his many rules. When concerned relatives convinced a congressman to inspect
the compound, along with a media crew, Jones arranged for them to be murdered
as they were leaving. He then gathered almost all of the members who were at the
compound and gave a long speech in which he exhorted them all to take their
lives by drinking poison, cyanide-laced Kool-Aid. Those who refused were forced
to drink by the guards or shot trying to escape, but it appears as though most
obeyed their leader.
Jones was surely an egomaniac; he had all of his speeches and proclama-
tions, and even his torture sessions tape-recorded—including this last-hour sui-
cide drill. In it Jones distorts reality, lies, pleads, makes false analogies, appeals to
ideology and to transcendent future lives, and outright insists that they follow his
orders, as his staff is efficiently distributing the deadly poison to the more than
nine hundred members gathered around him. Some excerpts from that last hour
convey a sense of the death-dealing tactics he used to induce total obedience to an
authority gone mad:
Please get us some medication. It's simple. It's simple. There's no convul-
sions with it [of course there are, especially for the c h i l d r e n ] . . . . Don't be
afraid to die. You'll see, there'll be a few people land out here. They'll tor-
ture some of our children here. They'll torture our people. They'll torture
our seniors. We cannot have t h i s . . . . Please, can we hasten? Can we has-
ten with that medication? You don't know what you've done. I tried. . . .
Please. For God's sake, let's get on with it. We've lived—we've lived as no
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