The Lucifer Effect
and is given the option by the "Sir, Officer," who talks to her on the phone, of
either being strip-searched then and there by a fellow employee or brought down
to headquarters to be strip-searched there by the police. Invariably, she elects to be
searched now since she knows she is innocent and has nothing to hide. The caller
then instructs the assistant manager to strip search her; her anus and vagina are
searched for stolen money or drugs. All the while the caller insists on being told in
graphic detail what is happening, and all the while the_video surveillance cam-
eras are recording these remarkable events as they unfold. But this is only the be-
ginning of a nightmare for the innocent young employee and a sexual and power
turn-on for the caller-voyeur.
In a case in which I was an expert witness, this basic scenario then included
having the frightened eighteen-year-old high school senior engage in a series of
increasingly embarrassing and sexually degrading activities. The naked woman is
told to jump up and down and to dance around. The assistant manager is told by
the caller to get some older male employee to help confine the victim so she can go
back to her duties in the restaurant. The scene degenerates into the caller insist-
ing that the woman masturbate herself and have oral sex with the older male,
who is supposedly containing her in the back room while the police are slowly
wending their way to the restaurant. These sexual activities continue for several
hours while they wait for the police to arrive, which of course never happens.
This bizarre authority influence in absentia seduces many people in that
situation to violate store policy, and presumably their own ethical and moral prin-
ciples, to sexually molest and humiliate an honest, churchgoing young employee.
In the end. the store personnel are fired, some are charged with crimes, the store
is sued, the victims are seriously distressed, and the perpetrator in this and similar
hoaxes—a former corrections officer—is finally caught and convicted.
One reasonable reaction to learning about this hoax is to focus on the dispo-
sitions of the victim and her assailants, as naive, ignorant, gullible, weird indi-
viduals. However, when we learn that this scam has been carried out successfully
in sixty-eight similar fast-food settings in thirty-two different states, in a half-
dozen different restaurant chains, and with assistant managers of many restau-
rants around the country being conned, with both male and female victims, our
analysis must shift away from simply blaming the victims to recognizing the
power of situational forces involved in this scenario. So let us not underestimate
the power of "authority" to generate obedience to an extent and of a kind that is
hard to fathom.
Donna Summers, assistant manager at McDonald's in Mount Washington,
Kentucky, fired for being deceived into participating in this authority phone hoax,
expresses one of the main themes in our Lucifer Effect narrative about situational
power. "You look back on it, and you say, I wouldn't a done it. But unless you're
put in that situation, at that time, how do you know what you would do. You
don't."
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In her book Making Fast Food: From the Frying Pan into the Fryer, the Canadian
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