Lu. C. 3oKHpob ahtponoreh ba amajima jiahfllljacdtllJyHOaimk uj. C3Okmrob

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hhxwXw MmnuXg HBJUMdag Mdet/LOwXirqew Ledomeg wek ‘mei/oXeg wek etfncX JHHHLMea dng etfdeuejMdex ‘nmMuXg Hejund -exreg ptfMdei/tfeoXPW tedonreg mfX jHHHmeiro'xreg eoc ptfMpqpq
dntf -wMcotr met/Ledofrreg MHhhmjmuhhxwXw HmMuax gMuo BJdeuLBgMXo tretfHBX dBtrX ea MmnuXg ummow p tdPurriMdejeX MBtftreX XMt/BhHMHax etfMdMoq.eL jtxaq/gXo ‘emwhbxc deuokeg hXkX tfeoXew Xg nxa X MHdeuLc|>enitfHe[/
•Mtfpireuokeg iretfHdetreH hplXXh wdeu -ekgexc HudXi jHMHHLaek hoohm deuLc)>emtfHBU BtfH/; MtfBUBLB gatf irreuokeg xmjouoxc-mmowmxxcm mnuptiXM MhHWXXH Hjptfmeuokeg
•Htfednx BJwXxd^. Xm php deumpuokpg trejt/MdHLuax etfndoXoi es wtfeuXg eoatf nreuokeg hXhX mHdeXMh geumM MHmMt/BHXM Xg dHtfLedogH iretfmHdag geu hpl HHMdeuuXH Hmxx jh€ jHHHnreuetfMod> iretfdeuLcftemtftreu ‘tretf -meuXHire HHMLegfleH mMdMLmeueX BtfxMuexcAx jHMHdeuLc|>emtf!reu HtfeoXew HMOooe jHHHnreuokBg umx MhHHdwg 'trejuMX lexedek pjmeuMJuag MHMmMUBHXM wxa mhmumx mmooob mxxm jhmhX etfuok treXXHh gwuax HetfHtfeoXew JHHHmeuokeg (0861) oxHaheo|4’j’y
y/naM/iapw xwco6ra obhhhium uiapi. KyHflannx xaerfla, c|>an, hkth- cofl ea cnecaTHMHr rypna >Ka6xanapMfla 6yryH Ka6yn KHnHHaerraH Typ/w xnn xy/ioca/iap aa Kapopnap Ke/ia>KaKHMnr Kyn xycycwnna- pHHH 6enrnna6 6epnujM MyMKHH. LUyHHHr ynyn xaM naHflujacjjTnap- hhht Kena/KaKfla kshch Hyna/iHWfla pwno>K/iaHHiuMHH sa KaHflaw yarapHUi/iapra k>3 TyiHLUHHH o/iflHHflan 3mth6 6epHiu, hlhh 6aujo- paT kh/ihuj /iaHfliuaTUjyHocnap h/imhh <3>ao/iHflTMfla anoxafla axa- MH/irra ara 6y/iwiuH /io3mm.
/iaHfluiacfiT/iapHHHr Kena>KarHHH o/iflHHflaH aHiu6 6epHiu, 6a- tuopar kh/ihuj /iaHflmact>TUjyHoc/iHK 0aHH o/iflHfla Typran flo/iaap6, aMMO MypaKx6 aa MyaMMO/in Macana/iapflaH 6npnflMp. 6y 6opafla 6axh/imhh Haaapnn nui/iapHHHr cohh xsm, ca/iMOfM xbm HHc6ataH Karra 3Mac. ByHflaii SauiopaTHHHr moxmhth, MaaMyHH, xano KaHflan ara/iHUJM xaxMfla xaw Typ/in 4>hkp ea Mynoxaaanap MaBxcyfl.
Kew MatHOfla onraHfla, 6auiopaT rpeKMaflaH khph6 Ke/iraH •
hm o/iflMHflaH Kypa 6h/imuj flewaKflnp. YMyMaH 6auiopaT xaKMfla aHTH/iraH Mynoxaaa/iapHHHr 6Mpnfla oaujopaT km/imuj fleraHfla k&- na>KaK xaKMfla aiiHaH Ky3arn6 ypraHHUJHHHr mjk»kh 6y/iMaraH MawiyM lypflarn xoflHcanap xaKMfla, ynapHHiir pMBoxnaHHUj K»Hy- HHflT/iapHHH 6m/ihuj acocHflarMHa racaBBypra ara 6y/iMiu TyujyHnna- flM (K).n.MHxaHnoB, 1970).
ETaKMM MKiMCOflHH reorpa4>jiapflaH 6npn IO.r.CayujKMH (1980) reOrparjtlHK 6aiUOpaTHH M>KTWMOHM-M>fIMCOflMM 6aUJOpaTHHHr 6wp Khcmh fle6 XMco6naMflH. YHHHr cj/HKpHHa, reorpa4>HK Gaujopar HCTHK6onfla HHrerpan reoTH3HM/iap, »bHM Typ/iH ynxanap rypyxn, MyanHH ynKanap, pawonnap, uiaxapnap, 3OHanap, naHflujacfiTnap rypyxnapn eKH anoxnfla naHflina4>Tnap Ka6n TH3MMnapfla Ta6naT, axonn, xyxcanHK opacnfla yaapo rascMp >o3ara KennuiMHM HnMHPi 6enrnna6 6epHuiflHp. reorpacfxiK 6atuopar Ta6MHM reorpacfcHK, fleMorpac|>HK Ba HKTMCOflHM-HxaHMOMM reorpac()HK 6aujopaT/iapra (luy xcyMnaflaH, MacanaH, caHoar Tyrynnapn >KoitnauiyBH ea phboxc- naHHUiMHH 6auiopar Knnnuj) 6ynHHaflH. reorpa4>HK oaujopar km- nnujHH IO.r.CayuiKHH xoswprH 3aMOH reorpacfjH/i 4>anH pHBOxcna HHUJMflarM flHtH Ba MyxMM 6np 6ockmm fle6 xwco6naMflM xaMfla reo- rpact>HHHHHr yMyMHH HaaapHncn, Tyn/iaHraH MaT>nyMOTnap Ba aMa- nHM MtunaHManapfla cpoHflanaHHiu 6nnaH 6ofnHKflHp fle6 xhco6- nauflM.
TaHHKflH Ta6nnH reorpa4> T.B.36OHKOBa (1987) reorpacfiHK 6a- uiopar KMJinuiHHHr nnMMH acocnapn xaKHfla 4>hkp K>pHTap axaH, «TeorpacjjHK 6auiopaT khbhuj - 6y wkthmohh Huuia6 MHKapnujfla Ta6wHH myaht sa xy/KannKHMHr yarapmu MyflflarnapH sa y/wawna- pHHH xaMfla ia6wMM ea aHrponoreH pMBOxcnaHHW MynanHW/iapHHH aHHK/iaiiir a KaparM/iraH wimhm wanaHHWflnp. By xyflyflnw th- 3HM/rapHHHr KenaxcaKflarH xonaT/iapHHH, ynapHMHr yiMHWfla sa KenaxaKfla hmkh Ty3H/iHLUH ea 4>aonHHTH KSHflan 6ynraH xaM/ja Kattflaw 6ynnwH MyMKHH/inrHHH Taxnrtn km/ihuj acocnfla o/iflHHflaH h/imhh Kypa 6wiHWflHp», fle6 eaaflH.
reorparfcHK 6awopar TywyrnacHHHnr Tynapox ea baiarJxiH/ipoK TatpntJiHHH B.5.CoMasa (1974)HHHr HUJHfla KypaMH3. «l eorpact>HK 6awopai, - fle6 eaaflH y, - Kena>KaKflarn Ta6HHii reorpa4>MK th- 3HM/iap xaKMfla, y/iapHHHr ry6 xycycHwnapM ea Typ/iH-ryMaH, >KyM- .naflaH, HHCOH 4>ao/iH;iTMHHHi Ky/HnraH m KyiM/iMaraH HaTM/Ka/iapn ca6a6/iH, yarapnwH MyMKHH 6y/iraH KO/iaT/iapn xaKHflarn jacaBsyp- /lapHH H/IMHH HW/ia6 MHKHWflHp». B. B.CoqaBaHMHr 4>HKpHMa, reo- rpa4>HK 6awopaT kh/ihw, KeHrpoK MahHOfla onraHfla, xycycHH sa TapMOK/iap MyaMMO/iapHHH k^m K^Mpa6 o/iaflH. Ammo xskhkhu reorpa4>HK 6awopar KenaxaKHHHi reorpa4>HK TH3HM/iapn xaKHfla TacaBByp 6epnwH KepaK. Teorpa4>HK Sawopar kh/ihw tbohhh wa- poHTHH 6awopar kh/imw 6n/iaH 6npra, yHHHr Ke/iaxaxfla KaHflan ^o/iaTfla 6y/iHWH MyMKHH/inrH, 6awopai KHnHHaerraH arpo4>- MyxHira hhcohhhht 6apna xm/i TatcHp/iapMHn xaw y3 nqnra o/iraH 6j)/iHWH Kepax. «LLIyHflaH khah6, - fle6 eaaflH B.B.CcmaBa, - reo- rpacpHK 6awopaT HHCOHHHHr ya aTpocfj-MyxHTMra KHflaflMraw TabCH- pHHHHr 6apna xM/uiapHHH KaMpa6 o/iafluraH Ta6nnH 6awopaTflHp». B.B.CoHaBaHHHr yw6y 4>HKp/iapHfla ran acocaH ra6wnH reorpa4>HK 6awopaT xaKHfla 6opaniiTH.
C>.H.Mh/ikob (1990) Ta6HHH-reorpa4>MK 6au»opaTHHHr y3 o/iflH- ra KywraH acocMH MaKcaflH reorpa^xiK Ko6MKfla, nanflwa^nriapfla Ba y/iapHHHr KOMnotieHT/iapHfla akhh sa yaoK Ke/ia>KaKfld 6y/iaflM- raH yarapnw/iapHHHr nyHa/iHWH Ba JKaflafl/inrHHH aHHK/iawflaH hoo- paiflnp, fle6 KHco6/iaMflM.
A.r.EMe/i«HOB (1980) aca Ta6nHH reorpa4)HK 6awopai kh/ihw fleraHfla Ta6nMH Myx,HTfla 6y/iaflMraH yarapMwnapttMHr mmkoch, Te3- /ihtm, flapaxracM aa MyHa/iMwnapMHM anMKnawra ^pajnnran m/immm H3/iaHHW/iapHH TywyHaflH. A.r.HcaMeHKO (1980) B.B.CoMaaaHHHr 4>HKp/iapnra ry/ia KywnnraH KO/ifla, ^^K^t 6awopar KH/iHWHrtHr HOMHrarHHa 3i»TMpo3 6w/iflHpaflH aa yHH «/iaHflwa4>T - reorpa4>MK 6awopar», fle6 aTawHH /k>3mm TonaflH.
Fap6uH Chohp Ba K,o3othctoh /iaHflwa4>T/iapHHHHr Ke/ia/xaKfla MyMKHH 6y/iraH yarapHwnapMHH 6awopar kkomw oyHMHa h/imhh Hwnap yrKaaraH B.A.HHKonaeB, kl.E.THMawee aa H.W.MHxaHnoBnap (1979); «naHflwa4>T/iapHH 6awopar km/ihw 6y ra6MHM OMH/uiap ea hhcohhm hhht xyxanHKflarH 4>aonMflTH TaucHpMfla t36mmh xyAYA^M^ KOMrtneKCJiapHHHr cmmh KyiiMH ysoxpOK KenaxcaKfla py^* 6epaflHran pHBOXOiaHHUi HyHa/iHwnapHHH aa HanoKariapnHH fla/u-uuiap TH3HMH- ra acoc/ianraH xonfla anHK/iawflnp*, fle6 eaaflH/iap.
feorpacpMK 6awopai kh/imwhhhc moxhhth sa MaaMyHH xaKWfla lOKopHfla anrnnraH cpwKp/iapra yxiuauj exn akmh 6y/iran 4>hkp ea Myno^aaanapHH W.n.repacHMOB (1986), K.H./Jhkohob (1974), KXRChmohob (1976) aa 6owKanapHHHr hjimhh puco/ianapMfla xaw yMpaiHui MyMKHH. EyHflan cpMKp aa My/ioxaaa/iapMHHHr Kancn 6npn ryrpH, K,ancH 6wpw aHHK sa nyxra HWJiaHraH/iwrw xaKMfla MawiyM 6up xynocaia Ke/iwwflaH o/iflHH, reorpacpHK 6aiuopar KH/iHWHHHr xn/i/iapH, MaKcaflH, o6teKTH Ba npeflMern, MaxoH ea aaMOHflarn MHKecH, TaMOHH/uiapH Ba ycy/viapn Ka6n/iap 6n/iaH TaHHwn6 mhkhuj /1O3HM 6y/iaflH.
PeorpacpHK 6aiuopaT/iap reorpacpHB cpaHHHnnr ra6aKa/iaHHWH- ra 6of/ihk ea o6T>eKTH, Ba3H4>anapHflaii Ke/in6 mhkksh XO/ifla ryp/iH xh/1, Maca/iaH, yMyMreorpacJiHK KOMn/ieicc oawopar, hkthcoahh reorpa4>HK 6auiopaT, Ta6nHH reorpa4>HK 6awopar, xycycun (KOMnoHeHT/iap 6ywHua) 6awopar ea X-6y/iHWH MyMKWH.
VMyMreorpacpMK KOMn/ieKc 6awopar xaKWfla 4^^KP topHrraH axafl. M.n.repacHMOB (1986) 6yHflan 6aiuopar aBBano xoanprH aaMOH reorpacpH/i cpaHHHHHr yMyMHH HaaapnncHHH k°ch/i KH/iysHu acocHH (cpyHflaMetcra/i) KonyH/iapHH xnco6ra o/iHuira acoc/iaHran 6y/iHuiH KepaK. XoanprH 33Moh reorpacpnn c^aHHHHHT awbaHaBHH ypraHHUi npeflMeTH aca Ta6naT, xyxca/iHK, axo/iHHHnr xyflyflHH xycy- cHflT/iapu Ba y/iapHHHr xyflyflnn xcoiviaiuyB KOHyHHjrr/iapHflHp, fleii- flH. Yuj6y Mya/i/iHCpHHHr eanwHHa, yMyMreorpa4>HK 6awopaiHHHr acocHH Ba3H4>anapMflaH 6npn - 6y ra6naT ea xcaMMHT pHBoxc/iaHM- whhmht Typ/iM 6ocKHM/iapMfla Ta6naT, xyxca/iHK Ba axo/in opacnfla pyn 6epaflMrau yaapo Tahcnp xaMfla anoKaflop/iMK/iapHH aHHKJiaw- flaH n6opaTflHp. UJyHra xaMoxaHr 4>hkphm T.B.3BOHKOBafla (1987) xaM yupaTaMMa. Yhhht eanwMua, reorpacfMx 6awopaTHHHr 3ht MyxHM Ba flo/i3ap6 MaxcaflH hhcoh swaiiflMraH ra6MHH MyxHTHHHr Kenaxcaxfla KaHflafi xoaaTJiapfla 6yjiHWHHH o/iflHHflaH Kypa 6h- JiHWflHp. Byiifla cpaKar xaso, cyB aa TynpoKJiapHHJMHa 3Mac, 6ajiKH yMyMaH reorpacpHK Myxnr, yHHHr Ta6naTH Ba xy>KajiHrMHMHr xonar- Jiapn 6awopar khjihhhwh Kepax. Hktmcoahh reorpacpHK 6awopar KMJiHWHHHr acocHM MaKcaflH MatnyM Myflflarnapfla xyxca/iHK Tap- MOK/iapUHHHr pHBOK/iaHHWM Ba XyflYflHH XCOH/iaWTHpHW hcthk6oji- jiapHHH o/iflHHflaH h/imhh acocjiaHraH xo/ifla 6ejimna6 6epuwflaH w6oparflHp. LUyHMHr yuyH xsm 6yHflaii 6awopar xa/iK xyxca/iHrM MaxcMyHHH pexa/iawTMpHwra yxwa6 KeTaflM. >KaMM«T xaeTMflarM XOflHcanapHHHr yaapo MypaKKa6 anoKaflopjinrH sa 6or/iHK/iMrM HKTMCOflHM reoipacpMK 6awopar kh/ihw xcapaeHH xsm MypaKKa6,

KynKwppanH 3KannwrMflan flanonar 6epaflH. MacanaH, yHHW 6wp Kwppacw xwco6naHMHtu fleMorpac^WK 6auiopaTHWHr yawfla axonw cohh, eiun, jkhhch 6yHHHa CTpyKTypacH, TawiHM ea MyraxaccHc Tanepnaiu, axonwHHHr TapMoxnap 6ywHHa wkthmohh Hiuna6 un^a pnujflarH 6aHflflHK flapa>KacH, onna t3pkh6h, a'bsonapn cohh «a6w Kynna6 OMwnnapHHHr HCTHK6onflarM xonaiH 6aiuopar kwuhhhujh Kepax 6ynaflH.
HKTHcoflHH ieorpac|jHK TH3HMnapHHHr SHepreTHKa, ewnnrH aa xoMawe 6nnaH labMHHnanrannnrH, canoaT, KWumoK xy>KanHrH. TpaHcnopT Ka6n Kynna6 xanx xyxannK rapMOKnapuHHHr >KOMna IUMU1H Ba pHBO>KnaHHUJHHHHr 6aUJOpaTH XSM HKTHCOflHH reorpacJjHK 6aUJOpaTHHHT TapMOTQiapHflHp.
WxnHMUjyHocjiHK, rHflponorHfl, TynpoKUjyHocnHK, reoMopono fhr Ka6n xycycHH ra6wHH reorpacpHK cfjaH/iap 6a>KapaflwraH 6aiuo paTnap xycycnii reorpacfjMK 6auioparnap xnnnra KMpaflH. byHfla HKnHM, cye xocnn 6ynHUJH, cye pecypcnapn, penbecfiHHHr pneox naHHuiH, rynpoK; ynyMflopnHFH aa MennopaTHB xonarru Ka6n Typnn- TyMaH xoflHca x^Mfla >KapaennapHnnr KenaxHK 6auJopaTHHHr HaTWKanapw 6wnaH MyBOHKnaujTHpHnMa- rywa ryrannaHMaraH XHCo6nanaflM. MyHKM reoTH3HMHHnr yMyMHjj crpyKTypacH xaxwfla Tyna TacaBBypra ara 6ynMaii Typn6, yhhht 6h- popra KOMnoHeHTHHH, flHHaMHKacH Ba pHBOwiaHMUJHHH 6aujopai XHnnuj Tyrpn HaiH>Ka 6epMaaflH.
Ta6wKw reorpacfjMK 6auropaTfla acocaH MatnyM Myflflarflau cyw reorpacpHK xo6HKfla, naHflujac^Tnap, ynxanap, aonanap Ka6w Typnn KynaMflarn Ta6HHii reorpaHK KOMnneKcnapfla etKaflannHTHHM onflHiiflan anHKnauj Maxcafl xnnw6 onHHaflw.
Ta6wHH reorpacfjHK 6awopaT KHnwui >KapaeHHfla 6wp BaKTHWHr yawfla yw Typflarw yarapuuinapHH 3bTH6opra onwujra jyrpn KenaflH. Bynap: 1) hhcohhhhf Tai>CHpHCH3, reoTH3WMnapHWHr ya pwBowia hhui KOHyHHHrnapwra 6ornHK xonfla pyw 6epaflHraw yarapwuinap; 2) Ta6waT KOHyHnapwra acocnanraw, bmmo hhcohhhht MawiyM MaKcaflnapHH KyanaMaran xonfla Tai>CHp 3tmiuh HaTwxcacHfla pyw 6epaflwraH ysrapwiunap; 3) hhcoh TOMOHHflaH oHrnw paewujfla, 6h- pop MaxcaflHH KyanaraH xonfla Ta6waTra Tatcwp stmujh HaTHxcacHfla pyw 6epaflwraH yarapwujnapflHp.
KXopMfla KenrwpwnraH Typnw Myannnc^napHHHr cfwiKpnapHflaH KypMHaflHKM, T36mhh reorpacpMK 6aiuopaTHHHr o6beKTHHw xap khm xap xwn TyujyH-iflH. E>ai>3Hnap 6auiopaTHHHr o6bc-KrH MyawnH Ta6w- mh reorpacpHK KOMnneKC exw reoTH3HMflwp, fleca, 6ab3Hnap aca 6y ywyMaH Ta6wHH Myxwrflwp exn arpo-MyxHTflHp, fle6 yKTwpaflw- nap.
Ta6nHH reorpacpnK 6aiuopaTHHHr o6beKin HHMa, fleraH caeonra mobo6 6epnui ynyH HHa 6wp Macananw aHHKnaujTwpH6 onwuj /to3hm 6ynaflw. V xaM 6ynca, Ta6www reorpac|>HK 6atuopaTHWHf mwkbcw- flwp. Oflaifla, ra6nHH reorparfcwfl 4>aHHHHHr TeKujwpwtu o6beKTHflaH Kenw6 hwkksh xonfla flyne MHKecHflarn (reorpacfjHK ko6hk, flyHe OKeaHH eKH KypyiviH»oiap flonpacHfla onw6 6opH/iaflwraH) 6aujo- par/iap, perwoHan MWKecflarw (awpwM y/iKa, 3owa, MaMnaxar, mhh- iaxa, unnoKT ea x- flowpacwfla onw6 6opwnaflwraH) 6aujoparnap aa Maxan/iHH KynaMflarw (nanfliua0T, yHWHr Mop<|x>norHK KHcMnapn flonpacHfla onw6 6opnnaflHran) 6auioparnapHw axcpaTHUjaflw.
/lyHe MHKecHflarn 6atuopar kwihuj ra>Kpw6anapMfla, Macanari, H.M.CBaTKOB (1974),
hhcohhhht xyxcanwKflarM cpaonHHTH rabcwpHfla Ep HKAHMHHHHr yarapwui/iapHra anoxnfla 31>th6op 6epnnraH. AwHHKca KeHHHTH HHnnapfla rexHHKa rapaKKweTH HaTHXcacwfla aTMoccpepa TapKw6nfla CO^? rasw MWKflopwHWHr opth6 kcthujh Ep hk/ihmhhh HnHKnaunHpn6 to6opaflH, fleran xynocaHHHr toaara hhkhujh axe- MHflTflHflHp.
Ahphm 6auroparnap 6ywHua 2050 HHnnapfla xsbo xapopaiH XIX acp oxHpHflarwra Kaparanfla 3-4° opthujh KyrwiaflH. ByHHHr OKn6aTHfla Ep toaacHfla aTMoccJiepa eruHnapHHHHr raKCHMnaHHUJH xaM, MHKflopw xaw yarapwujH MyMKHH. M.M.ByflHKO (1988)hhht e3Hurwa, TypKHcroHfla HxnHMHHHr Ta6nwH yarapHuiw ca6a6nu Hai-r rapwHflHK opraflH. XXI acp ypranapnra Kenn6 erwHnap MHKflopw KapHHw6 2 6apo6ap KynanflH ea HaTioKafla TypKHcron wynnapn HaMrapHHnHK 6yHHwa xcaHy6HH VKpaHHara yxuja6 KeraflH. Ep Kyp pacw HKnHMHflarw 6yHflaM yarapwuinap Ta6nar 3OHanapwHHnr qera panapnra xaM rabcnp sTMan KOflManflH, an6arra.
Ta6HHH reorpacfjHK 6aujopar KnnHUJHHHr xyflyflHii flowpacw pe- rwoHan MHKecwfla xaM 6ynwmw MyMKWH. Macanaw, 6wpopra flaanar. MSMnaxaT, 3OHa, ynKa, Ta6www reorpacf>wK OKpyr, pawow flowpacwfla 6axcapHnaflwraH 6aujoparnap perwoHan 6aujoparnap xwnwra Kwpa- flM. ByHflaw 6aujoparnap KynwHMa 6wpoHra hwphk MyxaHflwcnwK exw MenwopaTMB wHuioornap Kypwnwujw sa ynapnwn' aTpocfi-MyxwTra 6ynaflH/aH rabcwpHHH yprawwtu 6nnaH 6ornHK 6ynafln. Xycycan, Kacnww flewrM3H cya caTXHHHHr yarapHuiw 6nnaH 6omwK 6ynraw Ta6wwH reorpacfjMK xcapaeHnapHw 6aujopar Kwnwuj, Opon fleHrw3w xa&3acH eKw Banxaiu xynw, Bawican tcynw xaB3anapw ywyH 6axapw- naflwiaw 6aujoparnap exn 3OHanapapo, xaaaanapapo flape cyana- Phhh yaarnuj 6wnan 6ornwK 6ynraw rafl6Hpnap HaTwxcacHfla Ta6wHH mapowTHHHr yarapwuJHHH 6aujopaT kh/ihuj perwona/i 6atnopaT/iapra KMpaflM.
Ymhhmh xnn 6aujopar/iap naHfluiactiT/iap okw ypoMwuie/iap j\o wpacwfla 6axapmiHUiH MyMKHH. ByHflan 6auiopaTHWHr homhhh naHfluiactn 6awopaTH £kh /laHfliuactiTJiapHM 6auiopaT kh/ihui fle6 araca 6ynaflH.
KZ'Kopwfla Tai>pw4>/ia6 yrw/iraH yw xw/i: flyjje, perwowa/i sa Maxa/uiHH MHKecflarn 6aujopaTnap opacwfla yaapo 6or/iwKflwK 6yflHUiH, 6npHHHHr xy/iocanapwflaH hkkhhmhch 6kh yMWHMHCH 4k>h- flaflaHHUIH, 6wpw HKKHHMHCHHH TyjlflMpw6 6opHUIH MyMKMH.
Hhcoh TOMOHHflaH 6apno KH/iwnaflwraH Typ/in MyxaHflwc/iHK- TexHHK HHUiooT/iap (cyB OM6op/iapn, KaHan/iap, Me/inopaTHB th- 3HM/iap ea x) hhhi aTpoctz-Myxwrra 6y/iaflHraH Ta-bcwpM HaTWMcacwfla pyw 6epnuiH MyMKHH 6y/iraH yarapHtu/iapHH 6awopaT khahui aco- caH Maxan/iHH MWKecflarn 6au/opar xwco6naHaflH. Ammo naHfl- uja^JT/iap Typ/iapHHHHf yarapHUJHHH 6auiopaT km/ihui opKa/in pe- rwoHafl 6auiopai MHKecwra mhkhuj MyMKHH. Ana uiyHflan XH/iflarw 6auiopaTHHHr HaMyHacw CHcfjaTMfla B.A.HHKO/iaeBHHHr (1979) 6a- uiopaT HUJ/iapwHH mhco/1 TapHKacwfla KypcaiHUJ MyMKMH. YHfla Ypa/i Ba 0/itoh ior/iapw opa/iHFHfla TapKa/iraw flaun /laHfluiacfjT/ia- pwHHH/ yarapwuiH xaKMflarM 6aujopaT wuj/iapw Cw6wp flapenapn cyBHHHHr 6up khcmhhw Opofl xaBsacwra yaaTwui Maca/ianapw 6w/iaH 6or/iHK xo/ifla 6axapw/iraH aflw. Yuj6y wuifla acocww 6auiopaT o6t>- bkth cwcJjaTHfla reoiHTHM/iapflaH /laHfluiacfJT 6Hp/iHrw Ka6y/i kh/ihh- raH sa 6auuopaTHHHr hjimhh crpyKTypaBWH acocw CH0aTWfla xyflYfl- hhht /laHfluiacJjT xapwTacHflaH 4>OHflaJiaHH/iraH. ^eMax, 6aujopar- hhht o6t>eKTH CHcJ/aTHfla /laHfluiacj/T 6Mp/iwrw Ka6y/i KHflwwraH TaKflHpfla, /laHfliJjacfji/iapHHHr y eKH 6y TauiKW Taucwp HaTWXcacHfla yarapwui mhkcch, acafla/uiHK flapaxacw Ba HyHannuiHHH aKC stth- pysMH cwcfjaT/iapM 6aujopaTHHHr npeflMeTH xwco6/iaHaflw.
reorpacf/HK 6amopaT/iapfla BaKT mhk&cwhh 6e/irw/ia6 o/ihuj )(aM axaMHJrr/iHflHp. Maxcyc afla6weTfla 6y Maca/ia xaM Typ/iWMa xcaBo6- ra ara. Maca/iaH, M.C.3wreHCOH (1963) 6aujopaT KWflMHMtuw Kepax 6ynraH yarapHiunapHH xap 11, 23, 80-90, 160-180, 1800 hhji ywyH lysMUjHH Tcuc/iHct) 3TaflM Ba 6ywra Kyem 4>ao/uiwrHflarH flaBpMHflHK jiapHH acoc kh/iw6 o/iaflw. Bat3H reorpacJjJiap 6aujopar KWflWHaflw- raw BaKT MHKecHHH 6enrwaaujfla flaajiaTHHHr xa/iK, xyxcajiHK peaca- jiapnflaH Kejiw6 mmkk<*w XOJifla 5 finfl, 10 eKH 20 hhji Ka6n KypcaT- KHMJiapHH aCOC KHJ1W6 OJlHLUaflH.
CyB om6oph eKH 6wpoHra Karrapox Kawa/i KypwflHuiM sa yHHHr TabcwpMfla eH-aTpc>4>MflarM /lanfluiactiTJiapHMHr yarapwuiw eKM BHrw jiaHfluiacJiTJiapHHHr kochji 6yjiwujH ywyH, xwco6-KMTo6jiapra Kypa, KaMMfla 10-15 hvut Kepax. LUyHHHT yMyu 6yHflaw HHUJoauiap Kypw-

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MVHOca6aTH 6nnaH 6a*apM _raH y₃rapHiunapHH epwT^ nncun KeHMH 6yn*VJ
peraH/ia gaHjopaviapH KHc^a My/ujaj
HHKonaeB (1979) _K My/WarnH (30-70 hhji) 6y/iH-
⁶‘^U“^{H 6MrM}^^WHHH
KMHMKBHrM b» ¹ naTHHH 6e/ind/iajjjfla reoTM3HM
6^opaw».'_LWA»_r c»6a6„ap« Ba OMHJT
¹ eorpacfc yarapMUinapHMH _KaTTaflMp. Kyiirnna 6aiuopaT
nap_fla _o/imiuhmht axaM^¹ ^_hPhk oMmuiap acoc k«/im6
^napi^JSowna acocaH hkkh ^^nHfloMM/viap jKyetjj rpao/mn Ti»KpH6a/>ap A ^_HpHtMHCM, T3 _(Unap Ba X.) 6ynca, mkkmhhmcm ^^srapSSnap, TeKTOHMK y3< ^^_KflarM
_flTH 6wnaH ^fV,fl^reH BVHH HHCOHHHHT gaujopaT/iapHMHr XyAyflMH
aHTponoreH, ^napjjnp. I eorp^w _acocHfla 6ejirMnaHMUJWHw
6ornHK6ynr^KM 6y oMH^JP^ _onMHraH 11-iKa^Ban- ^r^SM^oA^^l980) ^P⁰³ Xhw MyMKMH. ByHAaii 6aiuopaT ^AJ•^nowrnap racHH4>MflaH ^^vtapMHM yMparnuj MyMKHH. 55X2»» ^op,w
“^y“"^W 1l-*awan
x r^inap TacHH4>w

gaiuopaTHHHr acocwHw raiu-
KW/l KM/lyBMH OMHJUiap
['eo/TorMK aa xryfla wwpwK
MK/IHM pHTM/iapn
TeKTOHHK pHBOXCnaHHUUiap
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[ eo


BawopaTHHHr
Ba^T MHKeCH
>Ky«a y3on Myfl-
flaT/iH (mhhi
/ihk aa yHflaii Kyn) 6) 3nr _KaTra wf-
ziaMflarM perwo
Ha/i reoiM3HM/iap I Htv'"- —.
а) feorparpHK xoj ^^HP^MK pnrM/iap (6wp acp/i_Hkj
6hk;
б) PerwoHan reo-
| TH3MM/iap
SaWOpaTHHHT
KjypyflMft MHXggl
_a) PeorpacpHK K°
naMflai m perwo

Y3OK, My/lpaT/iH
(6up Hewa yn

9pra
(10-15 Hmiraua)
>Kyfla Kwcxa
MyflflarnM

Ta6nnii reorpa-1 4>hk pawoH j]aHAU>a4>i yHMHT MOp4XW'°' | thk ^wcwnapM —
_TexHoreH oMtuuiap. ftnpHK (^WP acpnn) pwrM/iap hmkh ca6a6napw 6wjiaw 6or - ,-ihk pHBox/idhHUj MyHanwiu napn, TexHoreH OMw/uiap Snp acpnHK Ba HH/inapapo pHTxmap, rexHoreH OMM/map 06-^aao ujapcHiwHHHr yara
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jikluh Mynoca6aiH 6nnan 6axapHJiaflHraH 6auiopaT/iap KaM fleraHpa 10-15 MHJipaH ksmhh 6ynaflHraH yarapHiunapHH epwrw6 6epHUJH Kepax.
B.A.HnKO/iaeB (1979) /laHfluiacpT 6atuopaT/iapH Knc^a Myflflar- jih (3-5 Hnnra MynxonnawraH) aa yaon; Myflflar/iM (30-70 mhji) 6^/iw- ujm MyMKHHJiHTMHH, 6y Hapca hhcohhmhf jiaHflwatfiTra 6ynaflHraH TabCHpHHHHf jKaflafl/iHFH, MMKjecH ^SMfla reoTHSMMHMHr Karra- KkHHiuiMrM &a 6otut(a KynrwHa xycycMHT/iapw 6w/iaH 6e/irwnaHMUJWHH aftrafln.
TeorpacfwK 6ainopaTHHHr MyflflaTHHH 6ejirHnaiufla reoTH3HM- /lapfla KyTH/iafltiraH yarapnuuiapnHHr acocHH ca6a6/iapw sa ommji- jiapHHH 6e/irn/ia6 o/inuinnHr axaMHHTM KaTraflwp. KynrHHa 6aiuopar TajKpwSa/iapnfla acocaH hkkh xm/i hhpmk OMnruiap acoc kh/ih6 o/iMHaflM. V/iapnnHr 6hpmhhhch, Ta6nHH OMM/i/iap (Kyetu $ao/uiH- rnflarn yarapHuuiap, t6ktohmk yarapmujiap sa x-) 6y/ica, hkkhhhmch aHTponoreH, m>HM hhcohhmhf xyxca/iMKfland cfoaojimrTM 6njiaH 6ofji'hk 6y/iraH OMk/taapflwp. reorpacpMK 6aniopar/iapHMHr ^yflyflMH Ba aaKT MHKec/iapn y eKk 6y oMMJinap acocwfla 6ejirH/iaHktuHHH A.r.ldcaMenKOflan (1980) 6wpoa y3rapTMpn6 o/iMHraw 11->KaflBaJi- fla/H 6aLuopaT/iap racHWCpMflaH Kypniu MyMKHH. ByHflan 6aiuopaT TacHwtuiapHHMHr ynra «khh HaMyna/iapHHH yMpaTHiu MyMKMH. y/iapHHHr 6ab3HJiapMfla 3-4, 6ab3JuiapHfla yrrHSflaH optMK 6e/irw acoc KH/1H6 O/lHHHtUM MyMKMH 3K8H.
11->KaflBa/i
FeorpacfiwK fiauioparnap TacHMtpn

BaUiOpaTHHHT BaKT MHl^eCM	BawopaniMHr XyflVflHH MMKeCH	BawopaTHHnr acocnnn Taw- KHfl KHJiyBMH OMMJUiap
Myfla ysoK Myfl- flaT/iM (mmhc HHn- jihk aa yHflait tcyn) V3OK MyflqaT/iH (6np Hena yH HMJI/lHKJiap) Vpra MyflflaT/iH (10-15 HHJiraMa) JKyfla KHc^a Myflflar/iH	а) TeorpatfiMK ko- 6hk; б) 3ht Kana Ky- jiaMflarn perwo- HaJi reoTH3MM/iap а) TeorpacpHK ko- 6kk; б) Pei"HOHa/J reo- TM3HMnap Ta6wMft reorpa- CpHK paMOH JlaHflLuacpT aa yHMHT Mopcfxxno- FHK KMCM/iapH	TeojiorMK Ba xyfla HMpnK MiyiHM pHTMJiapH TSKTOHHK pHBO»K/>aHMUJ/iap HyHa/iHuiH Ba xcyfla mhpmk WKJ1HM pWTMJiapH Rmpmk pMTMJiap (6mp acpjiHK) TexHoreH oMnnnap. ffapMK (6np acpjln) pHTMJiap kukh ca6a6/iapH 6njiaH 6or- JIHK pHBOX/iaHMUJ Hyna/IHIU- jiapw, TeXHoreH oMmuiap 5wp acp/iHK Ba MH/uiapapo pHTM/iap, TeXHOFSH OMM/Uiap O6-/;aBO tuapoHTMHHHr ysra- pMLUH

reorpu^HiK SauiopaT 6wiaH myfyn/iaHnm >KapaeHHfla anbarra yHMnr Mawiyw TaMonivuiapHTa puoa KmiHuira TyrpH KenaflH. Aua uiyHflaw TaMOHWUiapHHHr anr acocnruiapnflaH 6upu reHeTHK TaMon- hji (IO.r.CayiUKHH, 1980; AT HcaHeHKO, 1980; AT-F-MennHOB, 1982) 6y/in6, 6aujopaT Kwnnujfla TapnxaH eHflouiHtuHH ea 6auiopaT o6i>- eKTHHW pnBOzKnaHHiu xcapaeHHflaflHp fle6 flapauiHM Tafloao araflw. MyHKH o6ueKTHMHr yTMHLUHHH Ba yTMHUiflarn pMBoxjraHMUi Hyna- AMUUiapMHH ypraHMaM TypM6, yHMHr KejiaxcaiMHM Tyrpu aHMipiaui MypaKKaoflup.
PerwoHan /laHfluiacpT 6aiuopaTJiapMfla, 6wp TOMOHflaH, ypraHM- /jaerraH pernoHHH bxjimt xo/ifla, hkkmhhm TOMOHflaH, uiy pernoHfla- TM C'-KMpOH JiaHflUia^JT XHJUiapMHHHr pMBO>KAaHMUIMflarH 6apK,apop HyHa/iHumapHM aHMipia6 o/ihui MyxHM axaMHHTra ara. UJyHHHr yuyn XaM /iaHfliiiactTTJiapHWHr Ke/ia>«arHHM o/iflHHflaH 3mth6 6epuui ynyH naneor eorpacpHK ycyn 6n/iaH 6wpra, /laHfluiacpT/iapHMHr yrMMuiHHM Tax/iM/i kmjimujhw OMpra/iMKfla o/ih6 oopnm no3MM oy/iaflM.
BauiopaT TaMOUH/i/iapnflaH nHa 6npn 6auJopaTHHHr Kyn Bapu- aHT/iHrwHH TaH o/iMuiflHp (IOT.CayuiKHH, 1980; T.B.3BOHKoea, 1987; B.A.HMKO/iaeB, 1979). Typ/in cn^arnapra ara 6y/iran reoTH3MM/iap TauixapMflaH 6y/iaflMraH 6np xha Ta6uMM eKH aHrponoreH Kyn/iap- hmhc TabCMpnra Typ/iwa aKC caflo 6epaflH. VHflaH Tauj^apu, aTporjj- MyxMTfla pyu 6epafluraH Typ/in xun 3BOiiiouHOH-flHHaMHK pHiM/iap uiapoHTMfla 6up xh/i ca6a6/iap Typ/iH xm/i OKM6ar/iapHH KejnMpnfe MMflapHui 3XTHMC/1H 6op. LUyHHHrfleK, flOHMO reoTH3HM/iapra 6y/ia- flMraH ainponoreH ra'bCMpHHHi’ y3M Kyn BapnaHT/iH 6y/iMuiH MyMKHH. HaiM/Kafla OamopaTHHnr ryp/in BapHaHr/iapHHH ypraHH6, MMHflaH 3HT nHLUMK Ba M/iMMM acoc/iariraiutnH iaiuia6 o/ihlu Kepax 6yjiaflM.
La>KapunraH 6aiuopaT xeu icauoH oxhpthcm eKH ryran nui/iaHraH fle6 XMco6nanMac/iHrH KepaK. Xap Kanflau 6aujopar xaM xdMra Tax/iH/i kmah6 TypnujHM, Ty3aTu6 Ba KeuMHMa/iHK TyruTanraH MaunyMOTJiap acocnfla BHrnna6 TypHiuHM Taxaao xH/iaflM. By 6a- LUOpaTHHHT y3/tyKCM3JJHK TaMOHM/lMTa KHpaflM. TaHHKJIH ruflpozior C-JLBeHflpcBHMHr (1979) 4>HKpwja, hhluoothh /lOHHxa/iaui, 6axo- Jiaui, xypMtu Ba 4x)Hfla/iaHHui /KapaeH/iapufla oauiopar xy/ioca/iapn flOMMO H3HH/U1HK 6H/iaH TeKUiHpMJlM6, iy3aTH/lH6 6opM/lHUIH KepaK.
lOxopufla Kypn6 yrHnraH 6aujopai TaMOHMjuiapHra xyuinwa paBMtufla IO.r.CayuiKHH (1980) nna rypT xm/ihhm Ke/iTHpaflH. By/iap 1) o6i>eKT sa xoflHca/iapHHHr 3Hfln hhiu ypu6 KenaeTraH, aMMO HCTHx6o/lfla pHBO>KAaHH6 KeTHLUH MyMKHH 6y/iraH UiaKJUiapHflaH ^xjHflanaHHuj TaMonwiM, 2) cojihujthphlu Ba yxiuaiu/iHKJiapHH aHHK/iaW TaMOHH/lH, 3) TapHXHH JKapaeHHHHC Ty3H/lMUJH, HyHa/lHLUH Ba T63J1HK flapa-'KaCHHH OapKapOpAMrHHH aHHKJiaUJ TaMOHH/IH, 4) o6ueKTHH eKH >KapaeHHH 6auiopaT KH/iHiufla 6ouixa o6i>eKT Ba xca- paen/iap 6miaH yaaao Taucnpfla fle6 xapaui laMOMH/iHflHp.
A.T.EMe/u>HOB (1982) KiiyjpHfla cana6 yTH/iraiuiapra xyuiHMHa KM/ih6, BHa 6np KeiHMa yaura xoc TaMOMmuiapHH mhcoji Ke/iTHpaflH. VHMHrna, 6y TaMonunap 6aiuopaT o6t>eKTH 6y/iran reoTH3HM/iap- HHHr yanra xoc xycycMfrrnapMHM axc 3ttmphujh Kepax. MacanaH, reoiH3MM/iapHHHr 6wp 6yryH/iHrw 6nnan 6of/ihk ko'W 6awopar- hmhf KOMn/ieKC/iH/iHK TaMonn/iw, nwa 6wpw t86hhh reorpatpHK 6a- LUOpaTHHHr MSKOH BB 3aMOHflai"H 6Hp/lHJlHTH T3MOMH/1H Ba \.
JlaHflwa<$n/iapHH 6awopar KH/iwufHWHr TaMOHH/i/iapw ks6m yey/uiapH kbm Typ/iH-ryManflHp. VMyMW/iMHH 6awopaT/iapwHnr 150 flan oprHK Meiofl ea ycynnapH MaBxyfl. Ammo y/iapHWHr X»P 6npw- flaH /laHfliuacpT/iapHH 6awopar Kwnwuma ywyM/iw epowflanaHHUJ MyMKHH fle6 6y/iMawflH. V/iapHHHr aupHM/iapHflaHniHa cpoHfla/ia- hhuj MyMKHH, xo/ioc. ByHHnr acocHH ca6a6w, 6awopar Kw/iHHaflw- ran o6beia-reoTH3HM/iapHHHr MypaKKa6/iHrH, cepKHppa/inrn sa Kyn OMH/i/nuiHrHflHp. LUyHMHr ynyn xaw /raHflwactiT/iapHM 6atuopaT kh- /ihuj Ta>Kpw6a/iapHfla acocaH reorpacfjHK ycy/inapflaH 0OHfla/ia«n/i- raH/iMTH c63mjih6 rypaflH. KynpoK aMa/iHH axaMnfrrra ana 6y/iran SKcrpanonflflMa, reorpacpHK yxtuaMa/iapHH raH/iauj, 3Kcnepr 6axo- /lauj, HHflHKaflHfl, KOCMHK Maii/iyMOT/iapHH Tax/IH/I KH/IHCU, KapTO- rpacjiHK aa 6oui^a ycy/tnapHH cana6 yrMUi MywKMH. ByHflaii 6$i/iM- hmwh ujapr/iH 6y/iw6, aMa/ifla aca 6np ycy/i 6n/iaH hkkhwhch kh- pnww6 KeTHWH MyMKHH.
A.r.EMe/i/iHOB (1982) /iaHflwac|)T xapwra/iapHHH Taxflw/i kkhhw, aapoKOCMHK cypaT/iapflan cpoiifla/iaHHW, MHflwKauHA MeroflnapHHH Merofl 3Mac, oa/iKH MeroflHK ycy/i fle6 napawflH- VnwHr cpHKprwa, Ta6wHH reorpacpHK 6auiopar MeTo/yiapn ea ycy/i/iapn thsmmm Kynw- flarma KypwHWurra ara 6y/iHUJM Kepax (4-pacM).

4-pacu. Tafiunii reorpa4)HK GaiuopaT kjuihuj MeTcuuiapn ea ycyn- Jiapn THJHMH (A.r.EMWWHOB, 1982 HH/l fiyMHia)
xynocA
Yw6y KyAnaHMaHHHr MasMyHH Ba x®kmh amponoreH nanfl- watjyrnapra &a aMannn naHflwacjjTwyHHOcnHKKa TaannyKnn 6apna Macana aa MyaMMonapHHHr TaxnmiHHH xaMpab ononMacnnrn Ta6n- hh. Kypn6 yrnnraH hkkh Maaay naHflwacjjTwyHocnHK acocnapn Kyp- cHfla yrnw aapyp 6ynraH ^axMflarHHa 6epnnflH, xonoc. Acnnfla aca yw6y waBaynapHHHr HacpaKar xap 6npH, 6anxn y/iap flOHpacn- fla Kypn/iran khmhk MasaynapHHHr anpHM/iapn xaM anoxHfla- anoxHfla Maxcyc Kypcnap cncjjaTHfla yrnnHWH MyMKHH. Macanan, reoTexTH3HM/iap xaKHflarn TawiHMOT, naHflwacjnnapHH 6axo/iauj, /laHfliuacjjTnapHHHr TapaxKHeTHHH 6auiopaT KHnnui xa6n Macananap ana ujyHflan xaMpoBH Kewr, Maxcyc nanaHHtunapHH Tana6 xnnafln- raH aa xyn Knppann, Mynoaapa TyrflHpaflHraH MaaaynapflaHflnp.
KynnaHMafla KypnnraH 6y hkkh hhphk Maaay, m>HH anrponoreH naHflwacfjTUjyHOcnHK 6nnaH aMannn naHfliua^nujyHocnHK nanfl- uiarjjTnapHH Myxocfcasa Knnnuj Ba ynapflaH OKnnoHa cpoHflanaHMtu MyaMMonapnra TaKann6 KenaflH. MyannHtfiHHHr ya onflnra KynraH MaKcaflnapnflaH anr acocnncH xsm rana6anapra /laHfluia^jT/iapHH hhcoh cjjaonHHTH TabCHpHfla yarapnujH sa aHTponoreH naHfl- uiacjrrnapHH 6apno 6ynnuiH xaKHfla racaBsyp xocnn khuhw 6unaH 6np KaTopfla, nanfliuacjnwyHocnHK cjjaHHHHHr aMannn axaMHHTH, HHCOHHHTHH KHSMKTHpaflHCaH aiipHM XaeTHH MyaMMO/iapHH aiHuifla naHflwacjyrwyHoc MyTaxaccncnapHHHr hujthpokh KaHManHK 3apyp 3KaHnHTHHM TyUIHHTHpHWflaH H6opaTflHp.