4.
EPS MOBILITY MANAGEMENT (EMM)
Mobility is an important issue in cellular networks. End users demand flawless network
access for both voice service as well as data service. As the users move from one cell to
other, the performance of the network has to be high enough to ensure that users do not
experience any breakage in the service. Mobility also needs to be ensured in the vehicu-
lar environment throughout the coverage area.
4.1.
EPS connection procedure
EPS connection procedure is necessary for UE to establish connection to EPC. The pro-
cedure is carried out by the specific EMM message ATTACH REQUEST that operates
in NAS signalling layer. The UE-MME connection resides in two main states; EMM-
DEREGISTERED and EMM-REGISTERED. Two more intermediate states exist be-
tween these two states during the transition.
• EMM-DEREGISTERED: In this state, EMM context is marked as detached.
However, MME is able to answer the attach procedure or TAU procedure initi-
ated by UE.
• EMM-COMMON-PROCEDURE-INITIATED: EMM enters this state once it
initiates the EMM common procedure and is waiting for the UE response.
• EMM-REGISTERED: In this state, the EMM has successfully established con-
text and a default EPS bearer has been activated in the MME.
• EMM-DEREGISTERED-INITIATED: It enters this state after MME has initiat-
ed the DETACH procedure and is waiting for UE response.
Transition from EMM-DERIGISTERED to EMM-REGISTERED occurs when the
ATTACH procedure from EMM-DERIGISTERED state or the COMMON procedure
from EMM-COMMON-PROCEDURE-INITIATED state is successful.
Figure 4.1: EPS connection management states
Transition from EMM-REGISTERED to EMM-DEREGISTERED state happens when
the DETACH procedure from EMM-REGISTERED state is accepted or the TAU re-
quest is rejected by MME. Other conditions that lead to DERIGISTERED state when
the service request procedure is rejected or when the UE deactivates all EPS bearers.
UE is also in the same state when it is just switched ON. [11]
ECM_IDLE
ECM_CONNECTED
Connection established
Connection released
EPS MOBILITY MANAGEMENT (EMM)
17
The other two major and familiar states that exist in the EPS connection management
are: ECM_IDLE and ECM_CONNECTED modes. Figure 4.1 shows the transition be-
tween the IDLE mode and CONNECTED mode in ECM. The mode transition is basi-
cally ruled by the Radio Resource Control (RRC) state. The UE could be in DEREGIS-
TERED state or REGISTERED state during the ECM_IDLE mode. The features of
IDLE mode are:
• No RRC connection exists.
• UE monitors the paging channel to detect incoming calls
• UE acquires system information from the paging channel
• IDLE mode mobility through cell selection / re-selection
The features of CONNECTED mode are:
• RRC Connection between EUTRAN and UE
• Transfer of unicast and broadcast data to and from the UE
• UE monitors the control channels
• UE provides channel quality feedback
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