Low Power Wide Area Networks (lpwan): Technology Review And Experimental Study on Mobility Effect



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Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) Technology Review And Exper

ABBREVIATIONS


16-QAM

16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

ABP

Activation By Personalization

ADR

Adaptive Data Rate

AES

Advanced Encryption Standard

AID

Association Identification

AP

Access Point

AppSKey

Application Session Key

ASK

Amplitude Shift Keying

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access

CSS

Chirp Spread Spectrum

D7AP

DASH7 Alliance Protocol

DBPSK

Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying

DevAddr

Device Address

DSSS

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

DTIM

Delivery Traffic Identification Map

ESTI

European Telecommunications Standards Institute

FDMA

Frequency Division Multiple Access

FSK

Frequency Shift Keying

GMSK

Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

GPS

Global Positioning System

IoT

Internet of Things

ISM

Industrial Scientific Medical

LoRa

Long Range

LoRaWAN

Long Range Wide Area Network

LPWAN

Low Power Wide Area Network

LTE

Long Term Evolution




M2M

Machine to Machine

MAC

Medium Access Control

MTU

Maximum Transmission Unit

NwkSKey

Network Session Key

OFDMA

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

OTAA

Over the Air Activation

PRB

Physical Resource Block

PSK

Phase Shift Keying

QAM

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QoS

Quality of Service

QPSK

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

RAW

Restricted Access Window

RPMA

Random Phase Multiple Access

STA

Associated Station

TIM

Traffic Identification Map

TWT

Target Wake Time

UART

Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter

UAV

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

UHF

Ultra High Frequency

UNB

Ultra Narrow Band

ABSTRACT


LOW POWER WIDE AREA NETWORKS (LPWAN): TECHNOLOGY REVIEW AND
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MOBILITY EFFECT

DHAVAL PATEL

2018

In the past decade, we have witnessed explosive growth in the number of low-power embedded and Internet-connected devices, reinforcing the new paradigm, Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices like smartphones, home security systems, smart electric meters, garage parking indicators, etc., have penetrated deeply into our daily lives. These IoT devices are increasingly attached and operated in mobile objects like unmanned vehicles, trains, airplanes, etc.
The low power wide area network (LPWAN), due to its long-range, low-power and low-cost communication capability, is actively considered by academia and industry as the future wireless communication standard for IoT. However, despite the increasing popularity of mobile IoT, little is known about the suitability of LPWAN for those mobile IoT applications in which nodes have varying degrees of mobility. To fill this knowledge gap, in this thesis:

  1. We present a thorough review on LPWAN technology focusing on the mobility

effect.

  1. We conduct an experimental study to evaluate, analyze, and characterize LPWAN in both indoor and outdoor mobile environments.
  1. Our experimental results indicate that the performance of LPWAN is surprisingly susceptible to mobility, even to minor human mobility, and the effect of mobility significantly escalates as the distance to the gateway increases. These results call for development of new mobility-aware LPWAN protocols to support mobile IoT.INTRODUCTION


Explosive growth in the number of Internet-connected things in the past decade has driven the emergence of new wireless communication technology called LPWAN. LPWAN is increasingly gaining popularity from industrial and research communities because of its low power, long-range, and low-cost communication characteristics. More specifically, it provides long-range communication of up to 10-15 km in rural areas and 2-5km in urban areas [11], and it is highly energy-efficient and inexpensive-the industry is targeting 10+ year battery life [30] with a radio chipset cost of less than $2 and the operating cost of $1 per device per year [41].

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