Low Power Wide Area Networks (lpwan): Technology Review And Experimental Study on Mobility Effect



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Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) Technology Review And Exper

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES


2 Frequency modulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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3 Amplitude modulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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4 Digital modulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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5 Constellation graph for QPSK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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6 Wireless technologies comparison [62]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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7 LPWAN standard comparison [29]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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8 LoRa sponsor members [28]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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9 LoRaWAN network structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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10 LoRaWAN network layers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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11 LoRaWAN class A device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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12 LoRaWAN class B device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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13 LoRaWAN class C device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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  1. LoRaWAN security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  2. Experimental setup: (a) end device subjected to angular velocity and

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(b) heat map of car driven on motorway across the gateway [47]. . . .

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16 System architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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17 LL-RXR-27 evaluation board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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18 Symphony link network architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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19 Message flow between host and end node. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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20 LL-BST-8 gateway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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21 Gateway configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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22 Prelude symphony link application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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23 Experimental setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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24 Code result. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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25 Effect of mobility with varying packet sizes (indoor). . . . . . . . . .

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26 Effect of mobility with distance of 0.1 mile (indoor). . . . . . . . . . .

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27 Effect of mobility with distance of 0.3 mile (indoor). . . . . . . . . . .

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28 Effect of mobility on packet loss rates (indoor). . . . . . . . . . . . .

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  1. Effect of mobility on packet sizes (outdoor). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  2. CDF for end-to-end delay for variable vehicle speed with 80-byte packet

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at 0.1 mile (outdoor). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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31 Effect of mobility on packet loss rates (outdoor). . . . . . . . . . . . .

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  1. Effect of mobility with varying distance (outdoor). . . . . . . . . . . .

  2. CDF for end-to-end delay for variable vehicle speed with 80 byte packet

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at 0.3mile (outdoor). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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34 Effect of mobility on packet loss rates (outdoor). . . . . . . . . . . . .

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