Low Power Wide Area Networks (lpwan): Technology Review And Experimental Study on Mobility Effect

CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES vi
ABBREVIATIONS viii
ABSTRACT ix
1Our experimental results indicate that the performance of LPWAN is surprisingly susceptible to mobility, even to minor human mobility, and the effect of mobility significantly escalates as the distance to the gateway increases. These results call for development of new mobility-aware LPWAN protocols to support mobile IoT.INTRODUCTION 1
1.1MOTIVATION 1
1.2STATE OF THE ART 2
1.3RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 3
1.4PROPOSED APPROACH 4
1.5ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK 5
2LOW POWER WIDE AREA NETWORK (LPWAN): REVIEW 6
2.1OVERVIEW OF INTERNET OF THINGS 6
2.2OVERVIEW OF LPWAN 7
2.3MODULATION TECHNIQUES FOR LPWAN 7
2.3.1MODULATION FUNDAMENTALS 7
2.3.2LPWAN MODULATION 12
2.4LPWAN STANDARDS 14
2.4.1INGENU-RPMA 14
2.4.2DASH7 16
2.4.3WEIGHTLESS-SIG 17
2.4.4IEEE 802.11AH 19
2.4.5SIGFOX 21
2.4.6NB-IOT 22
2.5OVERVIEW OF LORAWAN 25
2.5.1LORA 25
2.5.2LORA ALLIANCE 25
2.5.3LORAWAN 27
2.5.4LORAWAN NETWORK PROTOCOL 28
2.5.5LORAWAN MODULE CLASSES 30
2.5.6LORAWAN SECURITY 33
2.5.7END-DEVICE JOINING 34
3MOBILITY IN LPWAN 37
4SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 42
4.1SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 42
4.2LORA MODULE 43
4.2.1MESSAGE FLOW IN SYMPHONY LINK 46
4.2.2UPLINK MESSAGE 47
4.2.3CODE IMPLEMENTATION FOR UPLINK MESSAGE 48
4.3LORA GATEWAY 56
4.3.1GATEWAY CONFIGURATION 57
4.4CONDUCTOR-DATA PLATFORM 59
4.5PRELUDE 60
4.6LESSONS LEARNED 60
5EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 62
6EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 63
6.1IMPACT OF PACKET SIZE - INDOOR MOBILE ENVIRONMENT 64
6.2IMPACT OF DISTANCE - INDOOR MOBILE ENVIRONMENT 66
6.3IMPACT OF PACKET SIZE - OUTDOOR MOBILE ENVIRONMENT 68
6.4IMPACT OF DISTANCE - OUTOOR MOBILE ENVIRONMENT 71
7LESSONS LEARNED 74
7.1AGRICULTURE LIVESTOCK TRACKING 75
7.2HEALTHCARE MONITORING 76
7.3LPWAN FOR UAVS 78
7.4GENERAL GUIDELINES 79
8CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 79
8.1CONCLUSION 79
8.2FUTURE WORK 81
REFERENCES 81