Литература по учебной дисциплине «Практика устной и письменной речи»

(2) Concatenation is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first signification by successive shifts of meanings. E.g., the word board may signify: (1) “a piece of timber”, (2) “an extended surface of wood”, (3) “a table”, (4) “any piece of furniture resembling a table, as dressing-board, side-board”, (5) “board and lodging”, (6) “an institution, as Board of Health, Board of Trade”.
Radiation and concatenation are closely connected, being different stages of the same semantic process. In fact, radiation always precedes concatenation.

3.4. Homonymy
Two or more words identical in sound and/or spelling but different in meaning, distribution and (in many cases) origin are called homonyms. In English these are almost 90% monosyllabic words.
There can appear even syntactic homonymy (syntactic ambiguity, also called amphiboly or amphibology), which is a situation where a sentence may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous sentence structure. For example, the sentence I’m glad I’m a man, and so is Lola can mean “Lola and I are both glad I’m a man” or “I’m glad Lola and I are both men” or “I’m glad I’m a man, and Lola is also glad to be a man”. Ray Davies deliberately wrote this ambiguity into the song, referring to a cross-dresser.
There are several classifications of homonyms.
According to the type of meaning, homonyms may be classified into lexical, lexico-grammatical and grammatical.
(1) Lexical homonyms belong to one and the same part of speech and the grammatical meanings of all their forms are identical, but they are different in their lexical meaning. E.g., ball – a round object used in games and ball – a gathering of people for dancing.
(2) Lexico-grammatical homonyms differ both in lexical and grammatical meanings as well as belong to different parts of speech. E.g., bear – an animal and bear – to carry; seal – a sea animal and seal – to close tightly.