What are the devices can be followed in order to identified constituents of the sentences?
Linking words together
.different language use different devices in order to link the words
together
By this devices we can find the relationship between these constituents( between subject
and verb and compliment etc. )
1.
word order
:
the device used most frequently in English language.
language Its
means
put words in the suitable position in the Sentence.
Configurational language
are languages which accept word order like Arabic and English
.
Non-Configurational language
are language which not accept word order like Latin.
2.
Infatuations
:
By this inflections we can identify the relationship between these
constituents. And from these inflection we can distinguish whether a word is a verb or
subject
3.
Function words
:device which used to some extent in both and Latin
The different between function words and content words
4.
constituent analysis:
by this technique we can identify all constituent in sentences When
we identify
subject
and
predicated
. ( NP - VP )
Constituent analysis define as a linguistic
procedures which divides sentences into component parts or constituents ( S, V, O, A )
5.Tree diagram :
it's grammatical analysis process in which the constituent of sentences
What is the advantage of tree diagram?
each
join
or
node
on tree can be labeled, so that the whole construction becomes clear.
Main NODE ( mother )
DAUGHTER DAUGHTER (dominate )
SISTERS
function words
content words
1. Have no basic meaning
1.have a basic meaning ( depending on the meaning)
2.Close items
2.Open system items(depending on the Grammar)
3. Optional, can be omitted
3. can't be omitted
4.can use to link the content words 4.basic parts of the sentences
6.Rewrite rules:
A way of expressing the information found on a tree diagram after analysis
the sentences. Rewrite rules also can be called replacement rule
. And delete very repeat
Q_ in the used of Rewrite rules we have two things in the technique of placement what are
they?
1.
use symbol
2.
SQ/Do you think that tree diagram is important to Rewrite rules?
_Yes ,because every things would be explicit in tree diagram
Q_ What the advantage of rewrite rules?
they are perfectly explicit means no imagination
Q_ What is the idea can be identify by the rewrite rules?
a well formed English sentences
In the
traditional
school linguistics they follow the technique of
morphological analysis
In
structural
school of linguistics they follow the technique of the
immediate constituents
In the
transformational
school of linguistics they follow the technique
of tree diagram
*Constituents
. The entity of sentence ( by structure and by meaning )
Identifying constituents
Verb phrase may consist of the main verb and noun phrase
Verb phrase may consist of main verb and prepositional of phrase
Verbal phrase may consist of phrasal verb and noun phrase
What are the test that suggest by Aitchison to identify the prepositional phrase.
OR A test can be achieved with a prepositional phrase to identifying which one is
preposition and which one is a particular
1 . Change the prepositional phrase at the beginning of the sentence if it is stay has correct
meaning that mean we have pre-position.
so
if the meaning is not correct so we have phrasal verb or Particular
2 . By omission
NP TEST
1.At the beginning of the sentence before the verb
2.at the end of sentence after the verb
3.After by in passive sentence
4.After an auxiliary verb in questions
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