Lexical stylistic devices

Metonymy

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  Is created by a different semantic process and is based on contiguity of objects or phenomena. Kukharenko V.A. “A book of Practice in Stylistics”- Moscow1986 p. 40.
  

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  Functions
  

1. 
   to present rhe events of reality in it’s subjective attitude;
   

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  Epithet
  

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  Is a stylistic device based on the interplay of emotive and logical meaning in an attributive word, phrase or even sentence used to characterize an object and pointing out to the reader. Galperin I.R. “Stylistics” - Moscow 1981 p.157
  

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  Compositional structure
  

1. 
   Simple; 2. Compound; 3. Sentence/phrase
   
2. 
   Simple: He looked at them in animal panic; 2. Compound: apple-faced man; 3. S/P: a shadow of a smile;
   

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  Semantically
  

1. 
   Associated; 2. Unassociated;
   
2. 
   Associated: dark forest; 2. Unassociated: voiceless sounds;
   

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  Types
  

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  Single; Chain and phrase; Compound; Reversed;
  
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  Functions
  

1. 
   is based on the interplay of emotive and logical meaning in an attribute words; 2. used to characterize an object; 3. express emotional characteristics of an object;
   

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  Hyperbole
  

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  A stylistic device in which emphasis is achieved through deliberate exaggeration, - like epithet relies on the foregrounding of the emotive meaning. Kukharenko V.A. “A book of Practice in Stylistics”- Moscow1986 p.57.
  

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  Functions
  

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  1.to intensify the quantative or qualitative aspect of an object; 2. to denote signals of the emotional background of the utterance; 3. to emphasise for an amusing effect; 4. to place emphasis on a particular action feeling feauture and it’s not meant to be literally;
  
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  Oxymoron
  

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  Is a combination of two words in which the meanings of the two clash, being opposite in sense. Galperin I.R. “Stylistics” - Moscow 1981 p.162.
  
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  Zeugma
  

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  Is the use of a word in the same grammatical but different semantic relations to two adjacent words in the context, the semantic relations being, on the one hand, literal, and, on the other, transferred. Galperin I.R. “Stylistics” - Moscow 1981 p.150.
  
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  Interjactions
  

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  are words we use when we express our feelings strongly and which may be said to exist in language as conventional symbols of human emotions; Podavets O.D. "English stylistics, p. 43
  

1. 
   Primary; 2. Derivative;
   

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  Primary: Good gracious! God knows! Derivative: Terrible! Awfully!
  

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  Functions
  

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  help to express various feelings such as regret, dispair, dissapointment, surprise and many others.
  

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  Euphemism
  

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  is used to avoid some unpleasant things or a taboo things; Ex: To pass away - to die; Podavets O.D. p46
  
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  Quotation
  

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  phrase or sentence taken from a work of literature or other piece of writingand repeated in order to prove a point or support an idea; Ex: “Say hello to my little friend” Podavets O.D. p 47