Lesson Plan 1 Course title: English as an International Language (Culture)


He Ø reading the newspaper. They Ø on the computer



Download 355,03 Kb.
bet30/32
Sana20.07.2022
Hajmi355,03 Kb.
#825885
1   ...   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32
Bog'liq
Module 1

He Ø reading the newspaper.
They Ø on the computer.



Task: Read the information above and answer the following questions:
1) Why do we use the terms dialect” and “variety”  in linguistics?
2) How do you understand the word “standard” in language? For example: “Standard American English” 
3) What is “dialect”?
4) What varieties of English do you know?
5) By what other names does African American English go?
6) What difference can be found between African American English and Standard American English?
Lesson 16


The Standardisation of English
This history of the standardisation of English can be thought of in terms of a first, abortive, stage; a lull; and finally a fuller stage whose effects are still with us.
The abortive stage. Remember that standardisation makes sense only in the context of a more established society where there is rule and order. The early centuries of the settlement of the Germanics inBritain was marked by warring tribal factions trying to establish themselves in various parts of the island. Not surprisingly, therefore, the notion of a standard was irrelevant up until the 8th century. In the 7th and 8th centuries, England was known as the heptarchy – that is, a country with seven kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex andWessex (see map below). OE manuscripts suggest there were three or four dialects: Northumbrian and Mercian, which are called Anglian together; Kentish and West Saxon (or Wessex). Anglian derived from the dialect of the Angles; Kentish from the Jutes and West Saxon from the Saxons.
After years of continuous war, Alfred (or Ælfred) king of Wessex (‘Afred the Great’) finally defeated the Danes (Vikings) and negotiated treaties with them. He restored the tradition of letters which had decayed during the war when many monasteries were destroyed. The revival of learning and writing and the conditions of relative peace meant that conditions were ripe for standardisation. Also significant was the fact that Alfred encouraged writing in English, rather than Latin, so that he could appeal to the people’s sense of Englishness.
Manuscripts were written, and it is no surprise that the majority of them employed the Wessex dialect, and this dialect was beginning to be regarded as the Standard of the time.
The lull
This development of the standard was stopped rather suddenly with the Norman Conquest when the languages used for more formal settings changed from English to either French or Latin. English was regarded as the language of the menials – hardly ever written, and spoken with a great deal of variation in different parts of the country – and in such a situation, it is not surprising that the notion of Standard English was an irrelevant notion. (Remember that the notion of a standard is closely tied to the written, rather than spoken, language.)
A fresh start
When French (and eventually Latin as well) receded, it was time to pick up the pieces for English.The social, political and economic systems were also underwent a great sea change.



Download 355,03 Kb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish