Science
Ilm fan
Famous
Mashhur
Significant
Muhim,
ahamiyatli
Prototype
Timsol
Earth
Yer
Contibution
Hissa, ulush
Ground
Yer
Mature
Pishgan
Circumstance
Vaziyat
Maximize
Maksimallashtirmoq
Lesson 17. Geometry in architecture.
(Arxitekturada geometriya)
Geometry, the word brings images of lines, points, circles, squares, and
other shapes and forms to one’s mind. Geometry has an impact on our day-to-day
life. Everything around us is a measurement, either defined or perceived, with a
visual impression. In the same way, architecture is a domain that majorly deals
with geometry and visuals. It plays a vital role in design as well as construction.
Euclidean geometry was the only one used for over two thousand years. Now,
there are many different aspects developed with time—projective geometry,
perspective, Cartesian geometry, trigonometry, fractal geometry, differential
geometry, typology, etc. are some of them.
Galileo Galilei says,” The book of nature is written in the language of
mathematics.” Le Corbusier’s design philosophy has revolved around harmony and
proportion. His utter faith prevailsin the mathematical order of the universe and
nature, connected to the Fibonacci Series and the golden ratio which he described
as “rhythms apparent to the eye and clear in their relations with one another.”
These rhythmic patterns are inevitably seen in human activities. Hence, he
developed an anthropometric system of Modulor, which goes by the principles of
the golden ratio and divine proportion.
Below are the most notable buildings starring the influence of geometry in
architecture.
Taj Mahal, Agra, India
Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois
Geometry lies at the core of the architectural design process. It is
omnipresent, from the initial form-finding stages to the actual construction.
Modern constructive geometry provides a variety of tools for the efficient design,
analysis, and manufacture of complex shapes. This results in new challenges for
architecture. However, the architectural application also poses new problems to
geometry. Architectural geometry is therefore an entire research area, currently
emerging at the border between applied geometry and architecture. This book has
been written as a textbook for students of architecture or industrial design. It
comprises material at all levels, from the basics of geometric modeling to the
cutting edge of research. During the architectural journey through geometry, topics
typically reserved for a mathematically well-trained audience are addressed in an
easily understandable way. These include central concepts on freeform curves and
surfaces, differential geometry, kinematic geometry, mesh processing, digital
reconstruction, and optimization of shapes. This book is also intended as a
geometry consultant for architects, construction engineers, and industrial designers
and as a source of inspiration for scientists interested in applications of geometry
processing in architecture and art.
Work on the text
Text
“Maria Curie “
Maria Curie was born in Wersaw on the 7 th of November 1867. Her father was a teacher
of scince mathematics at school.Maria wanted to the Sorbonne in Paris and after many years of
waiting she finally left her native land for Paris in 1891.She determined to work for two master’s
degree in physics, the other in mathematics. So she had to work twice as hard as any other
student,but the condition of her life was very difficult.So during her life in Paris she met Pierre
Curie,that he was born in 1859 in Paris.He was the son of a doctor and from his childhood he
was interested in science. When he was 16 he was a bachelor of science and had took his Master’s
degree in physics when he was 18.When he met Maria Skladovskaya he was 35 years old and
was already famous in Europe for his discoveries in “Magnetism”.Pierre Curie and Maria
Skladovskaya fell in love each other and they had merried. By this time Maria Curie had got her
Master’s degree in physics and mathematics,and she was busy with research works.She wanted
to get Doctor’s degree.Madam Curie and her husband worked together they had discussed
different problems of science so they had achived great succeses. They had contributed greatly
to the development of physics.Maria curie Skladovskaya died in 1934. She was the leading
woman scintist ,and the greatest woman scientist of her time and was the first person who
received the Nobel prize twice.
Division of groups
Students stand in a circle. And count one, two, one two, ..and all students who said “one”
stand in the first group, all students who said “two” stand in the second group, In such way they
are divided.
Work on “Pin-board”
In this method two groups must separate the cards. The first group must find sentences
according to the text, the second group must find the cards which are not according to the and all
groups pin their cards to the board. E.g.
Cards with such examples:
There are many great scientists in the world.
The weather is fine today.......
