Lecture 1: General problems of Foreign Language teaching

Sociolinguistic competence refer to the sociocultural conditions of language use. Through its sensitivity to social conventions (rules of politeness, norm governing relations between generations, sexes, classes and social groups, linguistic codification of certain fundamental rituals in the functioning of a community), the sociolinguistic component strictly affects all language communication between representatives of different cultures, even though participants may often be unaware of its influence.
Pragmatic competences are concerned with the functional use of linguistic resources (production of language functions, speech acts), drawing on scenarios or scripts of interactional exchange. It also concerns the mastery of discourse, cohesion and coherence, the identification of text types and forms, irony, and parody. For this component even more than the linguistic component, it is hardly necessary to stress the major impact of interactions and cultural environments in which such abilities are constructed.
The Common Reference Levels
There does appear in practice to be a wide, though by no means universal, consensus on the number and nature of levels appropriate to the organization of language learning and the public recognition of achievement. It seems that an outline framework of six broad levels gives an adequate coverage of the learning space relevant to European language learners for these purposes.
When one looks at these six levels, however, one sees that they are respectively higher and lower interpretation of these classic division into basic, intermediate and advanced. Also some of the names given to Council of Europe specifications for levels have proved resistant to translation (e.g. Waystage, Vantage). The scheme therefore proposed adopts a ‘hyper-text’ branching principle, starting from an initial division into three broad levels-A,B and C:
A B C
Basic User Independent User Proficient User